Insight into the autochthonous bacterial strains as starter cultures for improving the flavor profiles of dry-cured duck: Changes in microbial diversity and metabolic profiles.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of inoculating autochthonous bacterial strains (Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus simulans) on the flavor profiles, microbial community, and metabolites, and to elucidate the potential mechanism of flavor formation in dry-cured duck. The results indicated that the inoculation of bacterial strains could improve the amount of lactic acid bacteria and Staphylococcus and reduce the counts of Enterobacteria. There was a significant difference in flavor profiles between samples inoculated with different strains. Hexanal-D, acetone, 3-methyl-1-butanol-D, thiophene, hexanal-M, propanal, pentanal, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol and ethanol-D were the potential biomarkers. A total of 70 differential metabolites were screened and identified. Amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism were the key pathways for the production of flavor and metabolites in dry-cured duck. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the mechanism of flavor formation regarding the inoculation of autochthonous starter cultures.

The relationship between anti epidemic mentality and post traumatic stress disorder in medical college students during the COVID-19 pandemic / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between an anti epidemic mentality and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among college students during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of PTSD when college students experience sudden crisis events in the future.@*Methods@#An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 9 399 undergraduates from Shanxi Medical University using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the public anti epidemic psychology self examination scale.@*Results@#During the COVID-19 pandemic, the total PCL-C scores of college students were (22.74±7.78), and the positive rate of PTSD symptoms was 5.3%. The detection rates of symptom recurrence, avoidance/numbness symptoms and increased alertness symptoms were 27.0%, 16.6% and 8.6 %, respectively. The average score of avoidance/numbness symptoms in the three symptom groups was (9.21±3.39), the two items with the highest scores were repeated recall of traumatic events (1.57±0.71) and impaired concentration (1.47±0.71). Females scored higher than males on the increased alertness dimension(6.82±2.61，6.67±2.72) ( t = -6.49 ， P <0.05). In respect to PCL-C total scores and the scores of each dimension, rural areas were associated with higher scores than urban areas, and non medical students scored higher than medical students, while the scores of those who grew up with siblings were higher than only children ( P <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between an anti epidemic mentality and total PTSD scores ( r =0.51, P <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the place of origin, choice of college major, and antiepidemic mentality were predictors of PTSD symptoms ( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Anti epidemic mentality is associated with the occurrence of PTSD among college students.