Impact of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in food-induced obese diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Obesity usually causes diabetes mellitus (DM) and is a serious danger to human health. Type 2 DM (T2DM) mostly occurs along with obesity. Foodborne obesity-induced DM is caused by an excessive long-term diet and surplus energy. Bariatric surgery can improve the symptoms of T2DM in some obese patients. But different types of bariatric surgery may have different effects. AIM: To investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 wk underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or gastric banding (GB). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, analyses of biochemical parameters, histological examination, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were conducted. RESULTS: In comparison to the sham operation group, the RYGB, SG, and GB groups had decreased body weight and food intake, reduced glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity, downregulated biochemical parameters, alleviated morphological changes in the liver and kidneys, and decreased levels of protein kinase C ß/ P66shc. The effect in the RYGB group was better than that in the SG and GB groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that RYGB, SG and GB may be helpful for the treatment of foodborne obesity-induced DM.

[Predictive value of three preoperative nutritional assessment methods in postoperative complications of gastrointestinal cancers].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the value of three preoperative nutritional assessment methods, European nutrition risk screening 2002(NRS 2002), mini-nutrition assessment(MNA) and subjective global assessment(SGA), in predicting postoperative complications of gastrointestinal cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 235 patients with gastrointestinal cancers, including 31 esophageal cancers, 82 gastric cancers, and 122 colorectal cancers, in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2013 were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative nutritional status was evaluated with above 3 methods respectively. Postoperative complication rates were compared among different preoperative nutritional status. RESULTS: According to SGA score, the morbidity of severe-moderate, mild and no malnourished patients was 40.5%(17/42), 25.3%(22/87) and 14.2%(15/106) respectively(P<0.01). According to MNA score, the morbidity of patients with malnutrition, at risk of malnutrition and without malnutrition was 32.9%(23/70), 24.7%(18/73) and 14.1%(13/92) respectively(P<0.05). According to NRS 2002, the morbidity of patients at malnutrition risk and without malnutrition risk was 27.6%(27/98) and 19.7%(27/137) respectively(P>0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that both SGA and MNA scores were predictive factors for the development of postoperative complications(both P<0.01). The sensitivity of SGA score for predicting complications was higher compared to MNA score (90.7% vs. 79.6%), while the specificity was similar(49.7% vs. 50.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Both SGA and MNA scores can effectively predict the development of postoperative complications in gastrointestinal cancer patients, and SGA score has better sensitivity. SGA score is recommended for decision-making regarding preoperative nutrition support.

Development of ELISAs for the detection of urogenital chlamydia trachomatis infection targeting the pORF5 protein.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare antibodies against pORF5 plasmid protein of Chlamydia trachomatis and develop double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISAs) for the detection of genital C. trachomatis infections. METHODS: The pORF5 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to immunize BALB/c mice and New Zealand rabbits to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and polyclonal antibody (pAb) for DAS-ELISAs. Clinical samples from 186 urogenital infection patients (groups I) and 62 healthy donors (groups II) were detected in parallel by the DAS-ELISAs developed in this study and by IDEIA PCE commercial ELISA. RESULTS: Two hybridoma cell lines, named 2H4 and 4E6, stably secreting specific mAbs against pORF5 were obtained. The mAb 2H4 was recognized by 32 (17.20%, positive recognition rate) and 25 (13.44%), mAb 2H4 by 0 (0%) and 2 (3.22%) samples from groups I and II, respectively. The sensitivities of mAbs 2H4 and 4E6 were 92.11% and 77.78% and the specificities were 100% and 96.88%, respectively in relation to the IDEIA PCE commercial ELISA. The sensitivities of detection for the DAS-ELISAs were 10 ng/mL (based on 2H4) and 18 ng/mL (based on 4E6). CONCLUSION: Two DAS-ELISAs were developed in this study that provided a feasible and effective assay that could be considered alternative tools for the serodiagnosis of C. trachomatis infection.

[Cloning and cellular localization of pORF8 plasmid protein of Chlamydia trachomatis].

OBJECTIVE: To clone the plasmid protein pORF8 of Chlamydia trachomatis and localize its expression in Chlamydia-infected cells. METHODS: pORF8 gene was amplified and cloned into pGEX-6p vector, and the pORF8 fusion protein was expressed in E.coli XL1 Blue. After purification with glutathione-conjugated agarose beads, the pORF8 fusion protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice to generate polyclonal antibodies against pORF8 protein. The antibodies obtained were used to localize the plasmid protein pORF8 in Chlamydia-infected cells with immunofluorescence assay (IFA). RESULTS: The pORF8 gene 744 bp in length was successfully cloned and the GST fusion protein with a relative molecular mass of 54 000 was obtained. The cellular distribution pattern of the plasmid protein pORF8 was similar to that of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP), a known C. trachomatis inclusion body protein, but not to that of chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF, a secreted protein). CONCLUSION: The plasmid protein pORF8 is localized on the bacterial organism as an inclusion body protein in C. trachomatis-infected cells. The cellular location of pORF8 protein can potentially provide important insights into the pathogenesis of C. trachomatis.

A comparative study of the urinary trypsinogen-2, trypsinogen activation peptide, and the computed tomography severity index as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the study was to establish the value of urinary trypsinogen-2 in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) and to compare it with the accuracy of the urinary trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) and the computed tomography severity index (CTSI). METHODOLOGY: The study population consisted of 187 consecutive patients with AP, of whom 38 had severe disease. The predictive values of urinary trypsinogen-2, TAP and CTSI were assessed within 24 h of the onset of symptoms. RESULTS: The mean values of predictive markers in the mild and severe pancreatitis groups were: urinary trypsinogen-2, 59/90 and 25/13 (p < 0.001); urinary TAP, 13.2 +/- 3.3nmol/l and 66.2 +/- 19.3 nmol/l (p < 0.001); and computed tomography severity index, 1.42 +/- 1.1 and 5.31 +/- 2.6 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for the urinary trypsinogen-2 (65.7%, 66.4%, 33.3%, 88.4%, 1.9, and 0.51), for TAP (greater than 35 nmol/l: 63.2%, 65.8%, 32.0%, 87.5%, 1.9, and 0.58) and for CTSI (greater than 3: 47.4%, 95.3%, 69.2%, 87.7%, 9.0 and 0.55). To differentiate between severe and mild AP, urinary trypsinogen-2 (AUC 0.724) was slightly better than TAP (AUC 0.722), and they were both clearly better than CTSI (AUC 0.597) (p < 0.05). Urinary trypsinogen-2 had significantly lower cost (p < 0.001) than TAP and computed tomography. CONCLUSION: Urinary trypsinogen-2 was superior to CTSI and was as good as or even better than urinary TAP in the early prediction of severity in AP. This suggests that this simple and quick method deserves routine clinical application.

[Study of a multivariate statistical 5-ALA-based discrimination method for fluorescence spectra of colonic tissue of SD rats].

In order to diagnosis colon early cancer with laser-induced 5-ALA-PpIX fluorescence spectra, a multivariate statistical method to distinguish these fluorescence spectra acquired in vivo was developed. 343 spectra were collected from 8 normal SD rats, and 20 1,2-DMH-induced SD colon cancer models, and 12 second generation rats of induced rats. 150 min after trail intravenous injections of 5-ALA at a dose of 25 mg x kg(-1) BW, fluorescence spectra excited with 370 nm Ti-laser were collected in vivo. All spectra were divided into a calibration group and a prediction group. After preprocessing, 4 principal components were extracted with PCA. And then, discrimination models were built by stepwise multivariate logistic regression (SMLR) on calibration group. 3 pathological styles were combined each other, and then 3 SMLR models were derived. Normal tissues were classified from early cancers and advanced cancers with sensitivity of 100% and 98.4%, and specificity of 96% and 100%, and accuracy of 98% and 99.2% on prediction group, respectively. The multivariate statistical discrimination method of PCA and SMLR together can effectively distinguish normal tissues from early cancers and advanced cancers with high sensitivity and specificity by means of systemic 5-ALA at low dose. Laser induced fluorescence 5-ALA-based technique is promising for the detection of colonic early cancer.