ABSTRACT
AIM: Although implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMI) was shown to improve outcomes in patients with severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), little experience has been reported in patients with an arterial occlusion level above the knee, ischemic gangrene, and high cardiovascular risk. This study sought to investigate the timing of gangrene tissue debridement and the safety of BMI in these patients. METHODS: Six "no-option" PAOD patients were enrolled with an arterial occlusion level above the knee, ischemic gangrene, and 3 systemic diseases related to a high cardiovascular risk. The ischemic status was evaluated by measuring the ankle-brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2), and wound healing after BMI. RESULTS: All patients safely underwent the procedures with intravenous general anesthesia by titrating propofol. Major lower extremity amputation, minor debridement amputation, and debridement surgery were performed in 2 (33.3%), 1 (16.7%), and 2 (33.3%) patients, respectively, 3.1 2.8 months after BMI. Compared to the amputation group (N=3), the salvage group (N=3) had a significantly higher baseline ABI (P=0.02) and a shorter distance between the gangrene site and arterial occlusion site (P=0.01). In the 3 patients who underwent debridement, ABI and TcPO2 significantly improved 1 month after BMI, and gangrenous tissues were debrided 3.8 ± 3.6 (range, 1~8) months after BMI with complete healing within 1 month. CONCLUSION: Autologous BMI therapy is safe in patients at high cardiovascular risk with an arterial occlusion level above the knee and ischemic gangrene. Effective predictors of BMI include the baseline ABI and distance to the ischemia. Gangrene tissue should be debrided at least 1 month after BMI.