[Research progress on the current situation of long working hours and its adverse health effects on occupational population].

In recent years, with the development of social economy, the extension of working hours has become a common phenomenon all over the world. Occupational health hazards caused by long working hours have attracted extensive attention. This paper summarized the research related to long working hours at home and abroad in recent years, described the current situation of long working hours, expounded the adverse effects of long working hours on mood or emotional symptoms, chronic diseases and its pathogenic mechanism of occupational population. We summarized the situation and limitations in this field, and to provide new ideas and directions for further in-depth research.

[Analysis of screening strategy of group B streptococcus in the third trimester and its influence on pregnancy outcome].

Objective: To investigate the screening strategy of group B streptococcus (GBS) in the reproductive tract of women in the third trimester and analyze its impact on pregnancy outcome. Methods: A total of 85 461 pregnant women in 35-37 weeks of gestation from Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University from January 2011 to June 2018 were enrolled. They were divided into 3 periods according to different GBS screening strategies, the unscreened period included 31 384 cases (36.72%), 33 267 cases (38.93%) were included in partial screening period, 20 810 cases (24.35%) were included in screening period. All GBS screening positive pregnant women were given intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). The impact on pregnancy outcomes, and the impact of different GBS collection transport and culture methods on the positive rate of GBS screening were analyzed. Results: (1) The incidence of neonatal early onset GBS disease (EOGBSD) in unscreened period was 0.03% (11/31 773), in partial screening period was 0.02%(6/33 887), and in screening period, the incidence of neonatal EOGBSD decreased to 0, the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=7.86, P=0.02).(2) The incidence of hematogenous infection of GBS in pregnant women was 0.02%(6/33 887) in partial screening period, and there was none in screening period, there was no significant difference (adjusted χ(2)=3.75, P=0.05). (3) In the screening period, the positive rate of GBS was 14.08%(2 719/19 306), which was significantly higher than the positive rate of GBS in the partial screening period (11.48%, 2 058/17 920; χ(2)=56.12, P=0.00). (4) Antibiotic sensitivity tests of 4 777 GBS strains showed that the antibiotics with higher resistance rate were tetracycline (81.52%, 3 896/4 777), erythromycin (66.59%, 3 181/4 777), and clindamycin (64.31%, 3 072/4 777). The combination of erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline was the most common resistant pattern, accounting for 48.80% (2 331/4 777). No penicillin, ceftriaxone or vancomycin resistant strains was found. Conclusions: GBS screening strategy in different regions could combine the local neonatal EOGBSD incidence rate, maternal GBS colonization rate, and the socioeconomic factors to determine whether universal GBS screening or screening for high-risk maternal women. GBS screening positive rate is related to the population, scope of the investigation, the sample collection, delivery and culture methods. The multi-drug resistance rate of GBS is high.

Effect of hydrothorax EGFR gene mutation and EGFR-TKI targeted therapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Lung cancer is a malignancy with the highest incidence of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lack of effective detection methods leads to the ineffectiveness of convetional therapy. The aim of the current study was to analyze the hydrothorax epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in patients with advanced non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural effusion. A new method for clinical treatment was developed through a comparison of the difference of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-targeted therapy. Between January 2013 and January 2015, 68 cases diagnosed with advanced non-small lung cancer and malignant pleural effusion, were enrolled in the study. Previous first-line chemotherapeutic treatment schemes had been unsuccessful. EGFR 19 and EGFR 21 sites were detected for all the patients. Platinum-based drugs were provided for patients with wild-type EGFR. These patients served as the control group and underwent four cycles of treatments, with each cycle lasting 3 weeks. TKI medicine Gefitinib (Iressa™) was administered to patients with mutant EGFR tid, po, for a duration of 4-8 months. These patients served as the experimental group. There were 41 cases of EGFR mutations, of which 13 cases had EGFR 19 site mutations, 16 cases EGFR 21 site mutations, and the remaining 12 cases had 2 site mutations. EGFR mutations were not significant for gender, age, tumor type, stage and diameter (P>0.05). The results showed that the six-month survival rate, progression-free survival time (PFS), objective response rate (RP) and disease control rate (DCR) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. The drug side-effects in the experimental group indicated no statistical differences compared to the control group (P>0.05). The incidence of EGFR mutation was higher in patients with advanced non-small lung cancer and malignant pleural effusion. Targeted therapy improved the survival rate and was deemed to be a safe and effective method for patients with EGFR mutations.

Identification of proteomic biomarkers predicting prostate cancer aggressiveness and lethality despite biopsy-sampling error.

BACKGROUND: Key challenges of biopsy-based determination of prostate cancer aggressiveness include tumour heterogeneity, biopsy-sampling error, and variations in biopsy interpretation. The resulting uncertainty in risk assessment leads to significant overtreatment, with associated costs and morbidity. We developed a performance-based strategy to identify protein biomarkers predictive of prostate cancer aggressiveness and lethality regardless of biopsy-sampling variation. METHODS: Prostatectomy samples from a large patient cohort with long follow-up were blindly assessed by expert pathologists who identified the tissue regions with the highest and lowest Gleason grade from each patient. To simulate biopsy-sampling error, a core from a high- and a low-Gleason area from each patient sample was used to generate a 'high' and a 'low' tumour microarray, respectively. RESULTS: Using a quantitative proteomics approach, we identified from 160 candidates 12 biomarkers that predicted prostate cancer aggressiveness (surgical Gleason and TNM stage) and lethal outcome robustly in both high- and low-Gleason areas. Conversely, a previously reported lethal outcome-predictive marker signature for prostatectomy tissue was unable to perform under circumstances of maximal sampling error. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have important implications for cancer biomarker discovery in general and development of a sampling error-resistant clinical biopsy test for prediction of prostate cancer aggressiveness.