Prevalence and trend of low vision among primary and secondary school students in Wuhan from 2019 to 2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To provide a largescale assessment the prevalence of poor vision in 2020 among children and adolescents in Wuhan City, Hubei province and to provide basis for healthy vision promotion.@*Methods@#This crosssectional epidemiological study was conducted among 156 783 students, who lived in Wuhan during the COVID-19 period participated the vision screening through the online applet designed by Wuhan Center for Adolescent Poor Vision Prevetion and Control under the guidance of their guardians between June 19 and July 6, 2020. The demographic information and daily hours spent on various activities in the past week were investigated. The corresponding visual acuity data of students in 2019 before the COVID-19 outbreak was extracted from school vision monitoring records for each semester, which was measured by the experienced eye care professionals.@*Results@#The detection rate of poor vision (51.04%) in 2020 was significantly higher than that in 2019(43.04%)( χ 2=68 944.95, P <0.01). After adjustment for covariates, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for poor vision were 1.17(1.13-1.20), 1.07(1.04-1.10), 0.67 (0.65-0.69) and 0.62(0.60-0.64) in students with online class time, recreational screen time, indoor and outdoor activity time in the highest tertile, compared with the lowest tertile groups.@*Conclusion@#Increased rate of poor vision among primary and secondary schoool students deserves further concern. It is necessary to strengthen intervention of eyesight protection. Policies and programs aimed at improving opportunities for physical activities and decreasing multiple screen behaviors should be given priority.

Sensitive single-color fluorescence "off-on" switch system for dsDNA detection based on quantum dots-ruthenium assembling dyads.

Due to the high importance of detecting DNA with both fast speed and high sensitivity, we proposed a new dsDNA detection method relying on a novel single-color fluorescence "off-on" switch system. Water-soluble glutathione capped CdTe QDs (emission at 605 nm) was prepared for taking advantage of the readily tunable emission property of QDs. Initially, QDs was completely quenched by the Ru(phen)2(dppz)(2+), as the spontaneous formation of QDs-Ru assembling dyads. Then, in the case of the addition of dsDNA, the Ru(phen)2(dppz)(2+) was removed away from the CdTe QDs, producing free CdTe QDs and the Ru-dsDNA complex. Both of them could be excited at the same wavelength and emit overlaid fluorescence. This single-color fluorescence "off-on" signal was sensitive to the concentration of dsDNA. Native dsDNA with the concentration of 10 pg/mL could be detected when 0.5 nM CdTe QDs was used, and ssDNA, RNA or BSA had no interference on it. With this system, the dsDNA samples of hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients were tested. The results were in good agreement with those detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (P>0.05), and for those samples with very low DNA concentrations, this system could provide more accurate results, demonstrating the possible clinical applicability of this "off-on" switch system. For this system, chemical conjugation or labeling of probes is not required, and unmodified native DNA targets could be detected in less than half an hour. Therefore, a simple, fast, sensitive, low cost, highly selective and practically applicable detection system for dsDNA has been described.

[Analysis of thyroid dysfunction and influencing factors in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-IFNa-2a and ribavirin].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and determine its influencing factors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with pegylated-interferon alpha (peg-IFNa)-2a and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy. METHODS: A total of 194 CHC patients were treated with peg-IFNa-2a and RBV for 48 weeks. Development of thyroid dysfunction was recorded. Clinical and biological factors from pre-treatment (baseline) to post-treatment were statistically analyzed to determine correlation with thyroid dysfunction in this patient population. RESULTS: Fifty-two (26.80%) of 194 peg-IFNa-2a/RBV-treated patients developed thyroid dysfunction. Dysfunction severity ranged from hyperthyroidism (n = 1, 0.52%) and hypothyroidism (n = 10, 5.15%) to subclinical hyperthyroidism (n = 4, 2.06%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 37, 19.07%). The dysfunction rate was significantly higher after peg-IFNa-2a/RBV treatment (26.80% vs. 12.37% at baseline, x2 = 12.829, P less than 0.05, odds ratio (OR) = 0.386, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.226-0.657), in females (33.00% vs. 20.21% in males, P less than 0.05, 95% CI: 1.016-3.040), and in thyroid auto-antibody positive patients (64.29% vs. 23.89% in negative patients, P less than 0.05, 95% CI: 1.681-36.183). Early virological response did not have any significant effect on dysfunction rate (23.00% vs. 30.85% no early virological response, x2 = 1.522, P more than 0.05) nor did end of treatment response (27.19% vs. 26.25% no response at end of treatment, x2 = 0.021, P more than 0.05). Patients who developed thyroid dysfunction had higher interleukin (IL)-6 at baseline (i.e. before peg-IFNa-2a/RBV treatment) (27.08+/-14.90 vs. 11.65+/-5.46 in patients who maintained normal thyroid function, t = 3.127, P less than 0.05, 95% CI: 5.28-25.58). IL-6 levels were not significantly different between the two groups at 24 weeks (6.30+/-2.47 vs. 6.81+/-2.80, t = 0.352, P more than 0.05). IL-6 levels before and after 48 weeks of treatment in normal thyroid function patients were 27.08+/-14.90 and 6.30+/-2.47, t = 3.632, P less than 0.05, and in thyroid dysfunction patients were 11.65+/-5.46 and 6.81+/-2.80, t = 1.997, P more than 0.05. CONCLUSION: Peg-IFNa-2a/RBV combination therapy may cause thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism, in CHC patients. Female sex and thyroid auto-antibody positivity may put CHC patients at higher risk of developing thyroid dysfunction during peg-IFNa-2a/RBV therapy. Elevated IL-6 may be a predictive marker of peg-IFNa-2a/RBV-induced thyroid dysfunction.

[The clinical significance of PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the positive ratio and clinical significance of PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: 428 patients with chronic HBV infection were collected, these patients were divided into e antigen-positive CHB group, e antigen-negative CHB group, inactive HBsAg carrier group and HBsAg serum conversion group. The difference of positive ratio of PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 among all groups or between every two groups were analyzed; The relationship of PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 with HBV M and HBV DNA were also analyzed. SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical treatment. Fourfold table chi-square test or matched-pairs chi-square test was used for enumeration data, and independent sampler t test or rank-sum test was used for measurement data. RESULTS: The differences of PreS1Ag among four groups were statistically significant (X2=141.7, P<0.05). The positive ratio of PreS1Ag in e antigen-positive CHB group was 95.7%, followed by 82.8% in e antigen-negative CHB group, 13.2% in inactive HBsAg carrier group and 2.2% in HBsAg serum conversion group. The difference of positive ratio of anti-PreS1 between HBsAg seroconversion group and HBsAg positive group was statistically significant (X2=6.919, P<0.05), which indicated that anti-PreS1 had good correlation with HBsAg seroconversion. The average absorbance ratio of PreS1Ag in high viral replication group (179.30) was higher than that in low viral replication group (133.87), statistical significance appeared (Z=-3.86, P<0.05). Though the difference of absorbance ratio of anti-PreS1 between two groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05), descent trend was apparent with virus replication level ascending. We analyzed the concordance of anti-HBs and anti-PreS1 by matched-pairs chi-square test, result showed no statistical significance of detection rate between them, X2=0.262, P>0.05. Serum PreS1Ag, HBeAg or HBcAg in liver tissue in reflecting hepatitis B replication had correlation with HBV DNA (X2=33.840, 24.159, 4.854 in order, P<0.05). Correlation coefficient between PreS1Ag and HBV DNA was higher (r=0.628) than that between HBeAg and HBV DNA (r=0.563). CONCLUSION: PreS1Ag was more sensitive than HBeAg in diagnosing viral replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Anti-PreS1 as protective antibody may be involved in clearance of hepatitis B, positive result indicated recovery of chronic hepatitis B.

[Genetic polymorphisms of MxA protein and eIF-2a-reg2 and their responses to interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVES: To identify the host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of myxovirus resistance A (MxA) protein and eukaryote initiation factor 2alfa regulatory region 2(eIF-2a-reg2) and to predict interferon (IFN) treatment responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-two patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were treated with interferon alfa (IFN ) for 12 months. Six months later the therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated. All the patients had signed a formal consent form. The patients were grouped into a sustained response (SR) group and a non-sustained response (NSR) group according to their responses to the IFNa treatment. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the antiviral protein MxA promoter -88,-123 and protein kinase(PKR) activated eIF-2a-reg2 sites were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and were compared with the responsiveness to IFN treatment of these CHB patients. RESULTS: Among the 262 patients, 212 (80.9%) were non-sustained responders to IFNa and 50 (19.1%) were sustained responders. The rate of sustained responders with GT heterozygote at MxA promoter -88 was higher than that of the GG genotype (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 2.46-11.43, P less than 0.01) and also higher than that of the TT genotype (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.86-9.09, P less than 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in IFN therapeutic effectiveness among the patients with different genotypes at MxA promoter -123, eIF-2a-reg2 and haplotypes made by MxA promoter -88 G/T, and -123 C/A alleles (P more than 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with GT genotype at MxA promoter -88 responded well to IFN treatment. SNP as a potential marker could be used to predict IFN treatment responses of patients with chronic hepatitis B.