ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a substantial public health safety concern drawing considerable attention in China and globally. The detection of HBV serological markers can enable the assessment of HBV infection and replication status in vivo and evaluate the body's protection against HBV. Therefore, this study aims to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HBV infection in children to prevent and control HBV infection in Wuhan areas. METHODS: We conducted an extensive retrospective cohort analysis of 115,029 individuals aged 0-18 years who underwent HBV serological markers detection for HBV infection in hospital between 2018 and 2021 using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We generated descriptive statistics and analysed HBV infection's epidemiological and clinical characteristics between different sex and age groups. RESULTS: The overall positive detection rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in all participants were 0.13%, 79.09%, 0.17%, 2.81%, and 5.82%, respectively. The positive rate of HBeAb and HBcAb in males was significantly lower than that in females (2.64% vs. 3.13%, 5.56% vs. 6.29%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-two distinct HBV serological expression patterns were revealed. Among them, 8 common expression patterns accounted for 99.63%, while the remaining 14 uncommon expression patterns were primarily observed in neonatal patients with HBV infection. There are no significant differences in serological patterns based on sex (P < 0.05). The overall HBV infection detection rate was 5.82% [range 5.68-5.95] and showed a declining yearly trend. The rate in females was higher than that in males 6.29% [6.05, 6.35] vs. 5.56% [5.39, 5.59]. The overall HBV diagnostic rate over 4 years was 0.20% [0.17, 0.22], and the rate declined yearly. The prevalence of acute infection was higher than that of other infection types before 2019, but the incidence of unclassified infection showed a significant upward trend after 2019. CONCLUSIONS: While the overall HBV infection detection rate in children has decreased year by year, the infection rate remains high in children under one year and between 4 and 18 years. This continued prevalence warrants heightened attention and vigilance.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B , Male , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Child , Retrospective Studies , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B AntibodiesABSTRACT
AIM: To prepare monoclonal antibodies against HBsAg and estimate its binding capacity to both wild-type and varies of immune escape mutant-type HBsAg. METHODS: Using self-made the anti-HBs G6 mAb and HRP-labeled goat anti-HBs antibody, A sandwich ELISA for detection both wild-type and varies of immune escape mutant-type HBsAg has been developed. Applying this assay, to detect 17 species of whole gene wild-type and recombination expressed HBsAg which varied in "a" determinant. to evaluate its clinical application characteristic of this assay, we used the other commercial reagents to Comparing with it. RESULTS: One strain hybridoma cell lin secreted anti-HBs mAb (defined G6), was obtained. It grew stably and the titers of the culture supernatant and hydroperitoneum were 2 048 and 4 096x10(3). The sensitivity to the wild-type HBsAg of this assay was less than 0.125 microg/L. This anti-HBs mAb can bind with 12 in 15 species mutant HBsAg (P/N> or =2.5), and 2 of them were low absorbent value at 450 nm(A(450)) group which was 7.55 percent of the wild-type, 1 of them was middle A(450) value group which was 59.40 percent of the wild-type, 9 of them were high A(450) value group which was 92.1-109.4 percent of the wild-type. The low A(450) value group and the negative group were diversified in 120-124 basyl in I loop of the HBV "a" determinant. We also used other commercial reagents, which was widely used in clinic, to detect partial species mutant HBsAg, the average A(450) value was less than foregoing assay. CONCLUSION: The G6 anti-HBs mAb was able to bind most of the immune escape mutant HBsAg in the test. And there would be some special regulations between the mutant site and the recombination expressed HBsAg binding capability.
