ABSTRACT
"Iron prawn" is a condition of severe growth retardation that fishers call. The giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a commercially important species contains high protein content and functional nutrients. However, no proteomic information is available for this species. We performed the shotgun 2DLC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the total protein from "iron prawn". Total 19,758 peptides corresponding to 2613 high-confidence proteins were identified. These proteins range in size from 40 to 70 kDa. KEGG analysis revealed that the largest group consisting total 102 KEGG pathway proteins comparing the "iron prawn" with the normal prawn. Additionally, 7, 11, 1, 6, and 5 commercially important enzymes were found in the eyestalk, liver, muscle, ovary, and testis, respectively. The functions of these differently expressed enzymes include immune system action against pathogens, muscle contraction, digestive system metabolism, cell differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in the severe growth retardation of "iron prawn". Our work provides insight into the understanding of the formation mechanism of "iron prawn".
Subject(s)
Palaemonidae , Animals , Female , Fresh Water , Iron , Male , Proteomics , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Two new labdane diterpenoids, s-trans-8(17),12E,14-labdatrien-20-oic acid (1), s-trans-12E,14-labdadien-20,8ß-olide (2), along with 10 known compounds, hinokiol (3), ursonic acid (4), 2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2α,3ß,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (6), ethyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate (7), ethyl rosmarinate (8), (Z,E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl caffeic ester (9), tridecanoic acid (10), ß-sitosterol (11) and daucosterol (12), were isolated from the 70% acetone extract of the rhizomes of Isodon yuennanensis. Their structures were elucidated based on the analyses of extensive spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties.
Subject(s)
Diterpenes/chemistry , Isodon/chemistry , Rhizome/chemistry , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts/chemistryABSTRACT
Hispidanins A-D (1-4), four unprecedented asymmetric dimeric diterpenoids, were obtained from the rhizomes of Isodon hispida. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV, IR), as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Hispidanin B showed significant cytotoxicities against tumor cell lines SGC7901, SMMC7721, and K562, with IC50 values of 10.7, 9.8, and 13.7 µM, respectively.
