A Modified Delphi Study for Curricular Content of Simulation-Based Medical Education for Pediatric Residency Programs.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish core knowledge topics and skills that are important to teach pediatric residents using simulation-based medical education (SBME). METHODS: We conducted a modified Delphi process with experts in pediatric SBME. Content items were adapted from the American Board of Pediatrics certifying exam content and curricular components from pediatric entrustable professional activities (EPAs). In round 1, participants rated 158 items using a four-point Likert scale of importance to teach through simulation in pediatric residency. A priori, we defined consensus for item inclusion as ≥70% rated the item as extremely important and exclusion as ≥70% rated the item not important. Criteria for stopping the process included reaching consensus to include and/or exclude all items, with a maximum of three rounds. RESULTS: A total of 59 participants, representing 46 programs and 25 states participated in the study. Response rates for the three rounds were 92%, 86% and 90%, respectively. The final list includes 112 curricular content items deemed by our experts as important to teach through simulation in pediatric residency. Seventeen procedures were included. Nine of the seventeen EPAs had at least one content item that experts considered important to teach through simulation as compared to other modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Using consensus methodology, we identified the curricular items important to teach pediatric residents using SBME. Next steps are to design a simulation curriculum to encompass this content.

Impact of a discharge prescription for dexamethasone on outcomes of children treated in the emergency department for acute asthma exacerbations.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dexamethasone prescribing practices, patient adherence, and outcomes by dosing regimen in children with acute asthma discharged from the emergency department (ED). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of children 2-18 years treated with dexamethasone for acute asthma prior to discharge from an urban, tertiary care ED between 2018 and 2022. Demographics, clinical characteristics, ED treatment, and discharge prescriptions were collected via chart review. The exposure was discharge prescription (additional dose) versus no discharge prescription for dexamethasone. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as return ED visit, unplanned primary care visit, and/or ongoing bronchodilator use. Secondary outcomes included medication adherence, symptom persistence, quality-of-life, and school/work absenteeism. Outcomes were assessed by telephone 7-10 days after discharge. RESULTS: 564 subjects were enrolled; 338 caregivers (60%) completed follow-up. Children were a median age 7 years, 30% Black or African American, 49% Hispanic, and 79% had public insurance. A discharge prescription for dexamethasone was written for 482 (86%) children and was significantly associated with exacerbation severity, number of combined albuterol/ipratropium treatments, and longer length of stay. There was no difference in treatment failure between the discharge prescription and no discharge prescription groups (RR 0.87; 0.67, 1.12), including after adjusting for potential confounders; there was no difference between groups in secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription for an additional dexamethasone dose was not associated with reduced treatment failure or improved outcomes for children with acute asthma discharged from the ED. Single, ED-dose of dexamethasone prior to discharge may be sufficient for children with mild to moderate asthma exacerbations.