Conducta suicida en población general adulta española / No disponible

Las variadas metodologías seguidas en el estudio del suicidio hacen difícil conocer la verdadera prevalencia de las ideas, planes e intentos de suicidio en la población general, también en España. Con el objetivo de analizar tal prevalencia en la población general adulta española y estudiar los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados, se ha realizado un estudio observacional transversal sobre una muestra de 4583 personas, en quienes se han estudiado aspectos clínicos, sociodemográficos y relacionados con la conducta suicida. Se han obtenido prevalencias y se han realizado regresiones logísticas para valorar asociaciones. La prevalencia de ideas suicidas fue del 3.67%, de planes del 1.92% y de intentos de suicidio del 1.46%, existiendo diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos de edad, con predominio de ideas entre los 18 y 64 años, y de planes e intentos suicidas entre los 18 y 49 años. No hubo diferencias significativas con un estudio similar previo al debut de la actual crisis económica. No se puede concluir por tanto que la crisis económica haya influido sobre la prevalencia suicida, aunque quizás se deba a que sus efectos se manifiesten con retraso. Como factores asociados, destacaron una menor edad y peor estado de salud física, así como la falta de actividad laboral, ausencia de pareja, una mayor soledad percibida y la comorbilidad con trastornos ansioso-depresivos. El estado de salud influyó más en los grupos de mayor edad, afectando más el estado civil y ocupacional a los más jóvenes. La presencia de ideas de suicidio incrementó el riesgo de planes e intentos. Estas conclusiones pueden ser útiles para el diseño de futuras estrategias preventivas

Diverse methodologies employed at study of suicide make difficult to analyze prevalence of suicidal ideas, plans and attempts in general population, also at Spain. With the objective of analyze prevalence of suicide in Spanish general adult population and looking for sociodemographic and clinical associated factors, an observational transversal study on 4583 people has been conducted. Clinical, sociodemographic and suicide-related factors have been analyzed. Prevalence data have been calculated, using logistic regressions to study associations. Prevalence of suicidal ideas was 3.67%, being 1.92% for plans and 1.46% for suicidal attempts. There were significant differences between age groups, with more prevalence of suicidal ideas between 18-64 years old (18-49 years old for plans and attempts). There were not significant differences with a similar study conducted previously to current economic crisis. It cannot be concluded that economic crisis has influenced on suicide prevalence, perhaps because its effects are delayed. As associated factors, younger age, worse physical health status, absence of labor activity, absence of a couple, more subjective loneliness and comorbidity with anxiety and depressive disorders were highlighted. Health status affected more at older age groups; marital and occupational status affected mainly at younger groups. Presence of suicidal ideas was a risk factor for suicidal plans and attempts. These conclusions could be useful for design of future preventive strategies

Factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in Spain for different age groups. Prevalence before and after the onset of the economic crisis.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about whether the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts has changed in the wake of the economic crisis. The aim of this study was to estimate current prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in the general population in Spain, to compare it with the prevalence found before the economic crisis, and to analyse the factors associated with suicidality in different age groups. METHODS: A total of 4583 non-institutionalised adults were interviewed in a cross-sectional household survey of a nationally representative sample in Spain. Several modules of an adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to the participants, and logistic regression models were employed in each age group. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in Spain were respectively, 3.67% and 1.46%. Mental disorders presented the highest significant effects on lifetime suicidal ideation. Marital status, heavy alcohol consumption, and occupational status were associated with lifetime suicidal ideation in people aged 18-49, whereas loneliness was associated with the 50-64 group, and financial problems with the 65+ group. A younger age, poor health status and the presence of depression were all associated with lifetime suicide attempts. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design of the study represents a methodological limitation. CONCLUSIONS: The current prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in Spain is similar to the one found ten years ago, before the recent economic crisis. The factors associated with suicidality vary among age groups. Suicide prevention programmes should focus on early detection and prevention for depression and anxiety disorders.

Diagnosis delay in first episodes of major depression: a study of primary care patients in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis delay may negatively influence the clinical course of major depression; however, few studies have analysed the role of environmental factors on diagnosis delay. This study was aimed to identify personal and environmental factors related to a longer delay. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study with 3615 primary care patients with a first diagnosis of major depression was conducted. Diagnosis delay was defined as the time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of major depression. RESULTS: Mean of delay was 9.89 weeks. Lower years of education, triggering stressful life events before the current episode, history of previous undiagnosed depressive episodes and somatic comorbidity were related to longer delay. Health system variables, such as urban setting, public health care setting, younger doctors and female doctors were also related to a longer delay. LIMITATIONS: Onset of first depressive symptoms was retrospectively collected. The cross-sectional design does not allow making inferences about the temporal ordering between predictors and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Both personal and environmental variables were related to diagnosis delay. Identification of these factors helps to design early diagnosis programs to ultimate reduce the morbidity associated with major depression.

Tasas de prevalencia de depresión en atención primaria en relación con las características metodológicas de los estudios / Prevalence of depression in primary care according to the methodology of the studies

No disponible