ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to measure the binding of concanavalin A (conA) in minute regions of tissue by labelling the conA with iron dextran; then by measuring the bound iron per site by a procedure which uses atomic absorption spectrophotometry, X-ray microanalysis, and image analysis. The resulting data for a given region gamma are entered into the formula: (Formula: see text). The resulting quantity "iron at gamma" is directly proportional to conA binding in that region. For this study, three regions of rat renal cortex were compared: distal tubules, collecting ducts and blood vessels; glomeruli; and proximal tubules. Regional iron concentrations were: Combined region (distal tubules, etc.), 0.147 +/- 0.107 microgram/mg tissue; glomeruli, 0.199 +/- 0.087 microgram/mg tissue; and proximal tubules, 1.711 +/- 0.303 microgram/mg tissue.
Subject(s)
Electron Probe Microanalysis , Kidney/metabolism , Receptors, Concanavalin A/analysis , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Animals , Dextrans , Electron Probe Microanalysis/methods , Female , Iron , Kidney/ultrastructure , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methodsABSTRACT
The rare association of Addison's disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism (Schmidt's syndrome) occurred during two pregnancies in the same woman. The association of Addison's disease and pregnancy is serious, and affected patients should be followed closely for electrolyte homeostasis.
Subject(s)
Addison Disease , Autoimmune Diseases , Hypothyroidism , Pregnancy Complications , Addison Disease/drug therapy , Adult , Cortisone/administration & dosage , Cortisone/analogs & derivatives , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Syndrome , Thyroxine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Glycosylated hemoglobins (HbA1) were measured in 23 nonpregnant women, 53 normal pregnant women, and 22 Class A diabetics; the results were 6.1 +/- 0.7%, 5.8 +/- 1.0%, and 7.0 +/- 1.3% in the 3 groups, respectively. The decrease in normal pregnancy was insignificant, whereas the increase in HbA1 in Class A diabetics over the other 2 groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). HbA1 did not correlate with maternal age, gravidity, or gestational age at the time of sampling. There was no difference in HbA1 between whites and blacks [patients with sickle hemoglobin (HbS) were excluded] (P = 0.35), nor between primigravidas and multigravidas (P = 0.8). HbA1 levels did not correlate with the birth weight ratios in either normal pregnancies (r = 0.06, P = 0.7) or in Class A diabetics (r = -0.4, P = 0.09). This is probably due to the long interval between HbA1 determination and delivery (9.9 weeks).
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Hemoglobin A/analysis , Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood , Adult , Black or African American , Birth Weight , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Maternal Age , Parity , Pregnancy , Statistics as Topic , White PeopleSubject(s)
Ethics Committees, Research , Government Regulation , Professional Staff Committees/legislation & jurisprudence , Research/standards , United States Food and Drug Administration , Federal Government , Human Experimentation , Humans , Informed Consent , Safety , United States , United States Dept. of Health and Human ServicesSubject(s)
Butyrates/urine , Crotonates/urine , Lactates/urine , Levulinic Acids/urine , Humans , Hydrolysis , Specimen HandlingABSTRACT
A method is described for measurement of chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, and the tolbutamide metabolites hydroxymethyltolbutamide and carbotytolbutamide in blood. It consists of formation of the thermally stable methyl-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of chlorpropamide and tolbutamide, and the methyl-heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of hydroxymethyltolbutamide and carboxytolbutamide, which are then analyzed by electron-capture gas chromatography. Measurements of blood levels of the compounds with this method have been verified by quantitation of the same samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the mass fragmentography mode. Blood level values and beta-phase half-time disappearance rates of chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, hydroxymethyltolbutamide, and carboxytolbutamide were measured in normal volunteers following an oral dose of chlorpropamide or tolbutamide. Blood levels of the four compounds were also determined in a few diabetics receiving continuous daily treatment.
