ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: A sessile multicellular organism that is immersed in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances and has its cells firmly attached to a surface is referred to as a microbial biofilm. When it comes to pulp and periradicular pathosis, biofilms are crucial. To reduce the number of microorganisms in the root canal and assist in treating periapical pathosis, endodontic therapy must include decontamination of the system of tooth root canals through biomechanical preparation and irrigation of the root canal. This study compares sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, curcumin, and triphala as endodontic irrigating solutions regarding their capacity to eliminate biofilm from root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients were included if they had pulpitis. Two specific samples (samples A and B) were chosen for analysis from a collection of samples so that their bacterial composition is most similar to that of acute pulpitis. The suspensions of bacterial cells from this polymicrobial culture have been collected from frozen stock and then regrown by inoculation on Columbia agar base (Basingstoke, UK) with the addition of vitamin K1, hemin, and 5% (v/v) calf blood. The pureness of the suspensions was assessed using colony morphology and Gram staining. Analytical profile index (API) 20A tests or automated test for bacteria (ATB) ID 32A tests were initially used to identify the isolates. These polymicrobial cultures' in vitro biofilms were developed using membrane filters made of cellulose nitrate. The tested irrigating solutions were as follows: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 10% triphala, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 10% povidone-iodine, and 5% curcumin (CUR). On the other hand, phosphate-buffered saline was taken as a control agent. RESULTS: As the standard of excellence in endodontic irrigation, NaOCl has eliminated all germs in sample A following 15 minutes of culture and in both of the specimens after 40 minutes. Iodine also eliminated all germs after 40 minutes of administration, indicating that it would be worth exploring using iodine as a potential endodontic irrigant. Iodine achieved total bacterial elimination after 40 minutes in both samples; however, it was less effective after 15 minutes. Our findings indicate that iodine solution is the most suitable alternative after the supremely effective NaOCl, although it requires longer contact times to generate the necessary and recognized broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, including in the case of biofilms. Furthermore, curcumin also showed significant results after NaOCl and iodine. CONCLUSION: The antibacterial potency of each studied irrigant was significant, supporting their usage in endodontics. It was observed that NaOCl has the maximum antibacterial activity.
ABSTRACT
Haemorrhagic diathesis has been of much concern to health professionals including dentists. It is not infrequent that a dentist becomes the first person to diagnose a bleeding disorder while performing dental treatment. Haemophilia is an X linked disorder with a frequency of about 1:10,000 births. Haemophilia B is much less common than haemophilia A, and affects only 1:300,000 males born alive. The clinical features of haemophilia B are very similar to those of haemophilia A with a prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time. This case report describes the dental management of a patient with an uncommon haematological disorder, namely, factor IX deficiency, which remained undiagnosed until the patient had to undergo dentofacial trauma with unexpected severe haemorrhage. Preventive dentistry remains vital to young haemophiliacs. Surgical dental procedures may be performed for haemophiliacs but they must be judiciously coordinated by dental and medical health professionals.
