ABSTRACT
This article reviews the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19. We report on the convergence of infectious diseases such as coronavirus infections and non-communicable diseases including DM. The mechanisms for the interaction between COVID-19 and DM are explored, and suggestions for the management of DM in patients with COVID-19 in South Africa are offered.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Diabetes Complications/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Disease Management , Hospitalization , Humans , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Severity of Illness Index , South Africa/epidemiologyABSTRACT
This article reviews the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19. We report on the convergence of infectious diseases such as coronavirus infections and non-communicable diseases including DM. The mechanisms for the interaction between COVID-19 and DM are explored, and suggestions for the management of DM in patients with COVID-19 in South Africa are offered
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Stunted children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have less net protein anabolism than do children without CF, and the result is retarded growth in the CF patients. It is not known whether protein intake above that recommended by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation would further stimulate whole-body protein synthesis. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of 3 amounts of protein intake on whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown by using isotopic infusion of [1-(13)C]valine and [(15)N(2)]urea in children with stable CF who required tube feeding. DESIGN: In 8 pediatric CF patients, we administered 3 randomly allocated isocaloric diets with normal (NP), intermediate (IP), and high (HP) amounts of protein (1.5, 3, and 5 g . kg(-1) . d(-1), respectively) by continuous drip feeding during a 4-d period at 6-wk intervals. Each patient acted as his or her own control. On the fourth day of feeding, whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown were measured. RESULTS: Protein synthesis was significantly higher in the HP group (x +/- SEM: 1.78 +/- 0.07 micromol . kg(-1) . min(-1)) than in the IP (1.57 +/- 0.08 micromol . kg(-1) . min(-1); P=0.001) and NP (1.37 +/- 0.07 micromol . kg(-1) . min(-1); P < 0.001) groups. There were no significant differences in protein breakdown. Net retention of nitrogen was significantly higher in the HP group (12.93 +/- 1.42 micromol . kg(-1) . min(-1)) than in the IP (7.61 +/- 1.40 micromol . kg(-1) . min(-1); P=0.01) and HP (2.48 +/- 0.20 micromol . kg(-1) . min(-1); P < 0.001) groups. CONCLUSION: In stunted children with CF requiring tube feeding, the highest stimulation of whole-body protein synthesis was achieved with a short-term dietary protein intake of 5 g . kg(-1) . d(-1).
