Subject(s)
Anti-Allergic Agents , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Food Hypersensitivity , Omalizumab , Child , Humans , Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Food Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Omalizumab/therapeutic use , AdultABSTRACT
Compared to landfill, MSW incineration (MSWI) not only eliminates its innate secondary pollution and land occupation, but also yields a net emission reduction. Regretfully, MSWI produces hazardous incineration fly ash (IFA) enriched with potentially toxic elements and dioxins. Given these, a harmless integrated scenario of co-disposal and resource reutilization of MSW and its hazardous IFA is proposed and subjected to technical and economic analysis. It introduces an IFA melting furnace, as an onsite modular integration, which serves as a bridge between the MSW incinerator and the commercial rock wool production line. The incinerator burns MSW for heating and electricity supply. The melting furnace further burns out the highly toxic dioxins adsorbed on IFA, as well as solidifying the potentially toxic elements into the molten slag, which substitutes for basalt as raw materials used for high value-added rock wool production. That achieves collaborative reduction, stabilization, harmlessness and resource reutilization of MSW as an energy source, and its IFA as energy-saving materials, as well as a net carbon emission reduction and high economicbenefits. Even more exciting, as opposed to the serious losses of the other existing scenarios, it is profitable even without the feed-in tariff and fiscal subsidy, both that are the dominating income source of other scenarios including conventional MSWI & IFA landfill and demonstration MSWI with IFA melting & landfill. Discounted Cash Flow technique shows that the profit is â¼ 9.2 RMB per ton of MSW, and it increases with insulation price, feed-in tariff, and fiscal subsidy. With the feed-in tariff and fiscal subsidy, the existing two scenarios and the proposed harmless integrated scenario can produce revenue of 103.8, 98.1-110.5, and 145.0 RMB per ton of MSW, respectively. Nonetheless, several challenges are posed for future industrial applications, such as liquid slag discharge, unstable combustion and possible environmental issues.
Subject(s)
Burns , Dioxins , Metals, Heavy , Refuse Disposal , Humans , Coal Ash , Incineration/methods , Solid Waste , Carbon , Refuse Disposal/methods , Metals, Heavy/analysisABSTRACT
Nitrogen functionalities of volatile of three different rank coals, namely TONGCHUAN lean coal, SHENMO bituminite and YIBIN anthracite, were studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipped with 16 m long path distance gas cell. The detection problem of low content of nitrogen in volatile was successfully solved because of the application of the long path distance gas cell. In the long path distance gas cell, the infrared penetrates the sample more times than in a normal gas cell. Results from the analysis of spectra obtained by FTIR show that there are four functionalities of nitrogen in volatile, including pyrrole-type nitrogen, pyrindine-type nitrogen, pyridine-N-oxide nitrogen, and nitrile nitrogen. Comparison of research results of nitrogen group between coal and volatile suggests that the difference in fate of nitrogen between volatile and coal results from the macromolecular nitrogen group of coal decomposition under the effect of temperature.
