Case report: TP53 c.848G>A germline mutation as a possible screening target at initial diagnosis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUD: Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a hereditary tumor syndrome characterized by an elevated risk of malignancy, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which can be caused by the heterozygous germline mutation. TP53 gene germline mutation is considered a potential risk factor and crucial prognostic parameter for acute leukemia development and diagnosis, but rarely occurs in adults, and its specific pathogenic significance in acute leukemia is unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: We describes a case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with ALL. Whole-exome sequencing approach identified one of the TP53 germline mutations from her bone marrow sample with possible pathogenic significance, c.848G>A (p.Arg283His) heterozygous missense mutation located on exon 8, which was further verified in her hair, oral mucous and nail samples. Family pedigree screening revealed that the same TP53 genetic variant was present in the patient's father and non-donor son, whereas not in the donor. Digital PCR observed that this point mutation frequency dropped post-transplantation but remained low during maintenance therapy when the patient was leukemia-free. CONCLUSION: This suspected Li-Fraumeni syndrome case report with a likely pathogenic heterozygous TP53 variant expands the cancer genetic spectrum. Screening her family members for mutations facilitates identifying the optimal relative donor and avoids unnecessary treatment by monitoring TP53 germline mutations for minimal residual disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Its potential roles in hematological malignant tumor development and clinical pathogenic implications necessitate further probing.

Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies against SARS-COV-2 S protein.

Novel coronavirus pneumonia, also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is caused by sub-severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors widely expressed on the surface of human cells leading to life-threatening respiratory infections. A serious hazard to human health is posed by the lack of particular treatment medications for this virus infection. We advocate the creation of high-affinity antibodies using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S protein as a specific antigenic epitope to develop a drug that can precisely target therapy COVID-19 because SARS-CoV-2 infection of the host cells is dependent on S protein binding to ACE2. Finally, we obtained high-affinity antibodies 14F4HL and 14E3HL that have high affinity with RBD and well-drug-forming properties, suitable for further humanization studies. Thus, monoclonal antibodies that neutralize the S protein were identified in our study, which may provide new insights for the development of COVID-19 therapeutic drugs.

CircUsp9x/miR-599/stim1 axis regulates proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells induced by oxidized-low density lipoprotein.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis (AS) progression. We aimed to explore the role of circUSP9X in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced VSMCs. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit-8 and EDU assays. Cell migration was evaluated using Transwell and wound healing assays. The interaction between circUSP9X or STIM1 and miR-599 was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Their levels were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. CircUSP9X and STIM1 expression was increased, whereas miR-599 expression was reduced in the serum of patients with AS and ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs. Overexpression of circUSP9X facilitated the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by ox-LDL. CircUSP9X sponged miR-599, which targeted STIM1. MiR-599 reversed the effects induced by circUSP9X, and STIM1 reversed the effects induced by miR-599. Taken together, CircUSP9X promoted proliferation and migration in ox-LDL-treated VSMCs via the miR-599/STIM1 axis, providing a theoretical basis for the role of circUSP9X/miR-599/STIM1 axis in AS.

Six Spain Thymus essential oils composition analysis and their in vitro and in silico study against Streptococcus mutans.

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus mutans is a well-known oral pathogen that plays a critical role in the development of dental caries. Many studies have been directed to discover the chemical compounds present in natural products to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation activity of S. mutans. Thymus essential oils exhibit good inhibition on the growth and pathogenesis of S. mutans. However, details about the active compounds in Thymus essential oil and the inhibition mechanism still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 6 Thymus species (Three samples of Thymus vulgaris, two samples of Thymus zygis, and one sample of Thymus satureioides essential oils) on S. mutans, to identify the potential active components, and to reveal the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The composition of Thymus essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. And its antibacterial effect was evaluated based on the bacterial growth, acid production, biofilm formation and genetic expression of virulence factors by S. mutans. Potential active components of the Thymus essential oil were identified using molecular docking and correlation analysis. RESULTS: GC-MS analysis showed that the major components in the 6 Spain Thymus essential oils were linalool, α-terpineol, p-cymene, thymol and carvacrol. MIC and MBC analysis showed that 3 Thymus essential oils showed very sensitive antimicrobial activity, and were chosen for further analysis. The 3 Thymus essential oil exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on acid production, adherence and biofilm formation of S. mutans and the expression of virulence genes, such as brpA, gbpB, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, vicR, spaP and relA. Correlation analysis showed that phenolic components, such as carvacrol and thymol, were positively related to DIZ value, which suggests that they are the potential antimicrobial components. Molecular docking between the Thymus essential oil components and virulence proteins also found that carvacrol and thymol exhibited strong binding affinity with functional domains of virulence genes. CONCLUSIONS: Thymus essential oil showed significant inhibition against the growth and pathogenesis of S. mutans depending on their composition and concentration. And phenolic compounds, such as carvacrol and thymol, are the major active components. Thymus essential oil could be used in oral healthcare products as a potential anti-caries ingredient.

Molecular mechanism of sleep deprivation-induced body injury and traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment: a review / 中国中药杂志

Sleep occupies one-third of a person's lifetime and is a necessary condition for maintaining physiological function and health. With the increase in social and economic pressures, the growing use of electronic devices and the accelerated aging process of the population, insufficient sleep and its hazards have drawn widespread attention from researchers in China and abroad. Sleep deprivation refers to a decrease in sleep or a severe lack of sleep due to various reasons. Previous studies have found that sleep deprivation can cause extensive damage to the body, including an increased incidence and mortality rate of neuropathic diseases in the brain, cardiovascular diseases, imbalances in the gut microbiota, and other multi-organ diseases. The mechanisms underlying the occurrence of multi-system and multi-organ diseases due to sleep deprivation mainly involve oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and impaired immune function in the body. According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), sleep deprivation falls into the category of sleepiness, and long-term sleepiness leads to Yin-Yang imbalance, resulting in the consumption of Qi and damage to the five Zang-organs. The appropriate treatment should focus on tonifying deficiency, reinforcing healthy Qi, and harmonizing Yin and Yang. TCM is characterized by a wide variety and abundant resources, and it has minimal side effects and a broad range of applications. Numerous studies have shown that TCM drugs and prescriptions not only improve sleep but also have beneficial effects on liver nourishment, intelligence enhancement, and kidney tonification, effectively preventing and treating the body injury caused by sleep deprivation. Given the increasing prevalence of sleep deprivation and its significant impact on body health, this article reviewed sleep deprivation-mediated body injury and its mechanism, summarized and categorized TCM compound prescriptions and single drugs for preventing and treating body injury, with the aim of laying the foundation for researchers to develop effective drugs for preventing and treating body injury caused by sleep deprivation and providing references for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the body injury caused by sleep deprivation.

Sleep Quality, Sleep Duration, and the Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries.

Background: Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a heterogeneous entity with varying underlying etiologies and occurs in ~5-10% of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Sleep disorders and short sleep duration are common phenomena experienced by patients with coronary heart disease and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, the association between sleep quality, sleep duration, and the MINOCA prognosis is less clear. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of 607 patients with MINOCA between February 2016 and June 2018. The mean follow-up period was 3.9 years. Sleep quality and sleep duration were measured by the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure hospitalization. Results: During the follow-up period, all-cause death occurred in 69 participants and 105 participants developed MACE. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant association between poor sleep quality and all-cause mortality (log-rank P = 0.005) and MACE (log-rank P = 0.004). Multivariable Cox regression model indicated that poor sleep quality was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality as well as MACE [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.649; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.124-2.790; P < 0.001; and adjusted HR = 1.432; 95% CI, 1.043-2.004; P = 0.003, respectively]. For sleep duration, short sleep duration (<6 h/d) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and MACE (adjusted HR = 1.326; 95% CI, 1.103-1.812; P = 0.004; and adjusted HR = 1.443; 95% CI, 1.145-1.877; P < 0.001, respectively), whereas long sleep duration was not (>8 h/d). A poorer sleep profile (including poor sleep quality and short sleep duration) was associated with a 149.4% increased risk of death (HR = 2.494; 95% CI, 1.754-4.562; P < 0.001) and a 96.7% increased risk of MACE (HR = 1.967; 95% CI, 1.442-3.639; P < 0.001) than those with neither. Conclusion: Sleep disorders were common among Chinese patients with MINOCA. Poor sleep quality and short sleep duration were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and MACE in the MINOCA population. Meanwhile, a poor sleep profile has an additive effect with regard to cardiovascular risks; in these populations, efforts should be made to improve both sleep quality and sleep duration for secondary cardiovascular prevention. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2000040701.

Research progress on Astragali Radix and prediction of its quality markers (Q-markers) / 中国中药杂志

Astragali Radix, a medicinal herb for invigorating Qi, has anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunoregulatory, blood sugar-and lipid-lowering, anti-fibrosis, anti-radiation and other pharmacological effects. This article reviewed the studies about the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Astragali Radix. According to the theory of quality markers(Q-markers) of Chinese medicinal materials, we predicted the Q-markers of Astragali Radix from traditional efficacy, chemical component validity, measurability, plant phylogeny, and pharmacokinetis. The results showed that total polysaccharides, flavonoids(e.g., calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, formononetin, calycosin, quercetin, and ononin), and saponins(e.g., astragalosides Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ) can be taken as the main Q-markers. This review lays a foundation for regulating the quality research and standard establishment of Astragali Radix, and benefits the control and quality supervision of the production process of Astragali Radix and its related products.

Anti-aging Mechanism of Chinese Medicinal Polysaccharides： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In the greying society， pension burden and high incidence of geriatric diseases have hindered social and economic development to a certain extent. Aging is a biological process involving multiple organs and factors， which leads to the occurrence of a variety of diseases. The occurrence of aging is related to a variety of signal pathways， such as nutrient sensing signal pathway and intracellular stress signal pathway， which attracts the interest of scholars in anti-aging drugs and poses a challenge to the development of such drugs. The anti-tumor， hypoglycemic， hypolipidemic， antioxidant， and antiviral activities of Chinese medicinal polysaccharides have been gradually confirmed， and they also have significant advantages in anti-aging. Thus， they are potential candidates for the development of anti-aging drugs. It has been verified that Chinese medicinal polysaccharides exert the anti-aging effect through a variety of mechanisms. To be specific， through dietary restriction， they promote the expression of longevity genes silencing information regulator 1 （Sirt1） and forkhead box O （FoxO） transcription factor， enhance the sensitivity to insulin， activate Sirt1 deacetylase or inhibit insulin/IGF-1 signaling （IIS） and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signal pathway， thereby exerting the anti-aging effect. In addition， they can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators， enhance anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity， and regulate the immunity to inhibit inflammation and aging. Moreover， they can also inhibit apoptosis and delay aging through p53-mediated pathway. Despite the extensive research on anti-aging effect of Chinese medicinal polysaccharides， and the diverse effects and ideal efficacy of the polysaccharides， the anti-aging mechanism has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore， this paper summarizes the relevant literature in PubMed and CNKI and systematically expounds the aging-related signal pathways regulated by Chinese medicinal polysaccharides， which is expected to provide a reference for researchers and clinical workers.

Relationship between the living environment and respiratory diseases in primary school students in Taizhou City / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the relationship between the living environment and respiratory diseases in primary school students in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province， and to explore the related factors. Methods:From 2018 to 2019， a total of 1 044 students from grade 2 to grade 5 of a primary school in Taizhou were selected by cluster random sampling method for two consecutive years to conduct a questionnaire survey during November 15 to December 31. Correlation between living environment and respiratory diseases in primary school students was analyzed. Results:Among the 1 044 students completed valid questionnaires， 224 students had suffered from respiratory diseases in the past year， accounting for 21.5% from 2018 to 2019. Logistic regression analysis showed that existence of waste collection site within 100 m of household （OR=2.522， 95%CI：1.105-5.752）， family passive smoking exposure （OR=1.781， 95%CI： 1.234-2.571）， and household use of air pollution chemicals （OR=1.915， 95%CI：1.396-2.627） were independent risk factors for respiratory diseases in primary school students. Conclusion:There are some risk factors of respiratory diseases in the living environment of primary school students in Taizhou， and prevention should be carried out in daily life to reduce the prevalence of respiratory diseases among primary school students.

Expert consensus on the nursing management of critically ill elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was first detected in patients with pneumonia of an unknown cause in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has since been confirmed as the pathogen for the new coronavirus pneumonia, recently named "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. Although the general population is commonly susceptible to the disease, infected elderly people show fast progression and severe manifestations with a high proportion in critical condition as a result of compromised immunity and underlying diseases. In order to improve the quality of nursing, reduce complications, and decrease mortality of critically ill elderly patients, we assembled a national expert group with expertise in critical nursing to write this consensus, based on a literature review and a subsequent panel discussion. The consensus covers the assessment, clinical nursing, discharge care, and other aspects of care for critically ill elderly patients with COVID-19, aiming to share insights and provide guidance for clinical practice.

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA): A Simple Tool for Guiding the Treatment of Older Adults with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in China.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to validate a simple Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in China and to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of CGA-driven therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 78 patients with DLBCL aged ≥60 years were evaluated using CGA with the following parameters: age ≥ 80 years, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, and modified cumulative illness rating score for geriatrics. Patients were grouped as fit, unfit, or frail. Patients classified as fit received standard-dose rituximab plus CHOP, whereas patients in the latter two groups received reduced-dose or reduced-agent therapy. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicities in the three groups were evaluated. RESULTS: According to the CGA, 45 (57.5%) patients were classified as fit, 5 (6.4%) as unfit, and 28 (35.9%) as frail. The ORR was 82.1% (64/78) among all the patients, including 55 patients (70.6%) who achieved complete response and 9 patients (11.5%) who achieved partial response. In the fit and unfit + frail groups, it achieved 97.8% and 60.6%, respectively. In total, 26 (33.3%) patients (10/45 [22.2%] fit and 16/33 [48.5%] unfit + frail) showed disease progression or recurrence. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range, 5-62). The 3-year OS and PFS rates were 82% and 58%, respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION: A simple CGA in older adults with DLBCL may be an effective tool for guiding therapeutic strategies in China. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common malignant lymphoma in older adults. The simple tool, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), is proved to be an effective method to identify older adults with DLBCL who are suitable for standard-dose R-CHOP regimen therapy. This is the first prospective trial in China to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of CGA-driven therapy for older adults with DLBCL, and the result showed that this simple CGA may be an effective tool for guiding therapeutic strategies.

The protection of NF-κB inhibition on kidney injury of systemic lupus erythematosus mice may be correlated with lncRNA TUG1.

We aimed to know the effect of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition on the kidney injury of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mice. Pristane-induced SLE mice were treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 50 or 100 mg/kg), a NF-κB inhibitor. Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin & eosin, Masson and periodic schiff-methenamine stainings. Long noncoding RNA Taurine upregulated gene 1 (LncRNA TUG1) was measured by real-time reverse transcription PCR, NF-κB p65 expression by western blotting, levels of inflammatory cytokines, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and antidouble stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the deposition of IgG and C3 by immunofluorescence. The kidney of SLE mice exhibited interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial fibrous proliferation, glomerular mesangial proliferation, and crescent formation, which was mitigated after PDTC administration. The levels of BUN, Cr, ANA, and anti-dsDNA and the pro-inflammatory factors in SLE mice were increased with obvious deposition of IgG and C3, but they were also reversed by PDTC. Furthermore, the NF-κB p65 expression in the nucleus in the SLE mice was decreased with the up-regulation of TUG1 expression and NF-κB p65 expression in the cytoplasm after PDTC treatment. Correlation analysis revealed the negative correlation between the TUG1 expression and NF-κB p65 in the nucleus in the kidney tissues. NF-κB inhibition with PDTC protected against the kidney injury of pristine-induced SLE mice possibly via up-regulating lncRNA TUG1, and further clinical studies are needed to clarify whether NF-κB inhibition may be a therapeutic modality for the kidney injury of SLE.

Clinical significance of reduced expression of lncRNA TUG1 in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (lncRNA TUG1) in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. METHODS: With the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs: T-cells, B-cells and monocytes) collected from SLE patients and healthy controls, TUG1 expression was determined to identify the correlation with the clinicopathological features of SLE patients. Thereby, the diagnostic value of TUG1 expression in diagnosis of SLE was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: As compared to healthy controls, SLE patients manifested a lower expression of TUG1 in PBMCs, which was further decreased in SLE patients with lupus nephritis (P < .05). The lowest level of TUG1 was found in monocytes, rather than T-cells or B-cells (P < .05). Negative correlations were identified between TUG1 levels and SLE Disease Activity Index score (r = -.904, P < .001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = -.779, P < .001), disease duration (r = -.503, P < .001) and 24-hour urinary protein (r = -.807, P < .001). Complement C3 levels were positively associated with TUG1 expression (r = .817, P < .001). In addition, the area under the ROC curve of diagnostic efficiency for SLE based on TUG1 was 0.982, and 0.930 for SLE with lupus nephritis. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of lncRNA TUG1 was markedly lower in the SLE patients, which was more obvious in SLE patients with lupus nephritis, and thus, it could be a promising clinical diagnostic tool for SLE patients or SLE patients with lupus nephritis.

The prognosis value of comprehensive geriatric assessment in elder patients with acute myeloid leukemia in a single center / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in Chinese elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Methods: 73 AML patients over the age of 60 were enrolled. CGA stratification included the following 3 instrument assessment: activity of daily living (ADL) ; instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) ; comorbidity score according to the Modified cumulative illness rating score for geriatrics (MCIRS-G) . According to CGA and age, the enrolled patients were grouped into 'fit', 'unfit' and 'frail' categories. Results: The median age of 73 elderly AML patients were 75 years old. According to CGA, 37 (50.1%) patients were classified as 'fit', 14 (19.2%) as 'unfit', and 22 (30.7%) as 'frail'. 33 (89.2%) patients in fit group received induction chemotherapy, or demethylation treatment, as 8 (57.9%) in unfit, 10 (45.5%) in frail. The overall response rate was 68.7%、62.5%, 75.0% in fit, unfit, and frail group, respectively (χ(2)=0.615, P=0.769) .The early mortality (8 weeks) in three groups were different: 5.4%, 7.1%, 27.3%, respectively (P<0.05) . The 1-year overall survival in the 'fit', 'unfit' and 'frail' groups was 64.9%, 28.6% and 22.7%, respectively (P<0.05) . The CGA score, age, ECOG score, WHO classification (2016) were the prognostic factors of AML patients. Conclusion: CGA can be used to determine the prognosis of elderly AML patients.

Three novel and various isopolymolybdate-based hybrids built from the carboxyl oxygen atoms of in situ ligands: substituent-tuned assembly, architectures and properties.

By changing the N-donor groups of benzonitrile-based reactants, three novel isopolymolybdate-based compounds, [Cu(DBIBA)3][δ-HMo8O26] (1), [Cu(H2O)(DIBA)(DIBAH)(γ-HMo8O26)]·2H2O (2), and [CuI(DTBA)(Mo2O6)] (3) (HDBIBA = 3,5-di(benzoimidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid, HDIBA = 3,5-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid and HDTBA = 3,5-di(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid) were synthesized, in which the benzene carboxylate-based ligands DBIBA, DIBA and DTBA were in situ transformed from the benzonitrile-based ligands under hydrothermal conditions. Selecting benzoimidazol as the N-donor group, compound 1 with a 3D (6, 8)-connected framework is constructed from {Cu3(DBIBA)3} hexagonal ring building units and [δ-Mo8O26]4- polyoxoanions. Replacing the benzoimidazol with the imidazol group, a 3D (3, 4, 6)-connected framework 2 containing two types of {(γ-Mo8O26)(DIBA)2} building blocks was obtained. When the triazol groups are introduced, compound 3 displays a 3D framework, which is constructed from {(Mo4O13)(DTBA)2}n chains bridged by CuI atoms. It is interesting to note that the carboxyl oxygen atoms from the in situ ligands participate in the construction of isopolymolybdates in compounds 2 and 3. In addition, the various N-donor groups of in situ ligands show a great effect on the oxidation state of copper ions, the novel polymolybdate unit and the final architectures of the title compounds. The electrochemical properties and photocatalytic activities of compounds 1-3 were investigated herein.

Advances in prevention and control of yellow fever / 中国人兽共患病学报

Yellow fever(YF) is a natural focal disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes,which had caused epidemic in some areas of Europe and America port city in the history,bringing great disaster to human society.Since 40s of last century,a series of derivative strain of 17D vaccines,providing lifelong protection,had been vaccinated a large population who are trave ling to or living in areas at risk for YF,which avoid the outbreak of the disease,appearing quiet state.Since the beginning of 1990s,the disease had outbreak successively in Africa,tropical American areas and its nations.The mortality was even more higher than Ebola happened in 3 countries in West Africa between 2014 and 2015.In 2016-2017the large outbreak in Angola,Congo and Brazil,has claimed thousands of lives.Yellow fever has never occurred in Asia until the introduction of 11 cases by jet travel from Angola to China,which attracted the attention of Chinese government.Yellow fever elimination initiative strategic plan for 2017 2026 was launched by WHO,mainly based on that 17D vaccine which is safe and effective to control the spread of this disease.The measures of controlling mosquitoes and vaccination programs,in particular putting great expectations for the latter,are the main measures for prevention the disease and achievement the goal of WHO elimination strategic plan.But strong guarantees of related countries and abiding by the provisions of the global quarantine regulations are also important.Therefore,this article reviews the historical and the recent epidemic outbreaks of yellow fever,vaccination and other prevention measures,hoping that the WHO elimination of the yellow fever epidemic strategy will achieve successfully in 2026.

3-Methylthiopropionic Acid of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 and Its Role in the Pathogenicity of the Fungus.

Studies were conducted to determine the role of 3-methylthioproprionic acid (MTPA) in the pathogenicity of potato stem canker, Rhizoctonia solani, and the concentrations required to inhibit growth of R. solani under laboratory and plant house-based conditions. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM concentrations of MTPA. The purified toxin exhibited maximal activity at pH 2.5 and 30°C. MTPA at 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM levels reduced plant height, chlorophyll content, haulm fresh weight, number of stolons, canopy development, and tuber weight of potato plants, as compared to the control. MTPA significantly affected mycelial growth with 8 mM causing the highest infection. The potato seedlings treated with MTPA concentrations of 1.0-8.0 mM induced necrosis of up to 80% of root system area. Cankers were resulted from the injection of potato seedling stems with 8.0 mM MTPA. The results showed the disappearance of cell membrane, rough mitochondrial and cell walls, change of the shape of chloroplasts, and swollen endoplasmic reticulum. Seventy-six (76) hours after toxin treatment, cell contents were completely broken, cytoplasm dissolved, and more chromatin were seen in the nucleus. The results suggested that high levels of the toxin concentration caused cell membrane and cytoplasm fracture. The integrity of cellular structure was destroyed by the phytotoxin. The concentrations of the phytotoxin were significantly correlated with pathogenicity and caused damage to the cell membrane of potato stem base tissue.

[Introplasmic IFN-γ level in circulating T cells detected by flow cytomertry and its relation with treatment efficiency in the patients with aplastic anemia].

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the introplasmic interferon-γ level in circulating T cell of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and its clinical significance. The interferon-γ level before and after immuno-suppressive therapy was monitored by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the higher interferon-γ level was detected in 28 out of 50 AA patients, detected rate was 56%. The effective rate of immunosuppressive therapy for AA patients with higher interferon-γ level was up to 85.7% (24/28). The decrease of interferon-γ level in these patients positively correlated with hemogram recovery to normal level and obviously earlier than hematologic remission. It is concluded that the immunosuppressive therapy shows better efficacy for AA patients with high interferon-γ level, moreover the change of interferon-γ level is earlier than hematologic change, that is important for predicting the therapeutic efficacy and relapse of disease.

Introplasmic IFN-γ level in circulating T cells detected by flow cytomertry and its relation with treatment efficiency in the patients with aplastic anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the introplasmic interferon-γ level in circulating T cell of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and its clinical significance. The interferon-γ level before and after immuno-suppressive therapy was monitored by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the higher interferon-γ level was detected in 28 out of 50 AA patients, detected rate was 56%. The effective rate of immunosuppressive therapy for AA patients with higher interferon-γ level was up to 85.7% (24/28). The decrease of interferon-γ level in these patients positively correlated with hemogram recovery to normal level and obviously earlier than hematologic remission. It is concluded that the immunosuppressive therapy shows better efficacy for AA patients with high interferon-γ level, moreover the change of interferon-γ level is earlier than hematologic change, that is important for predicting the therapeutic efficacy and relapse of disease.

[Effects of applying sewage sludge on chemical form distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying sewage sludge on the chemical form distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in soil and the transfer and accumulation of the heavy metals in soil-plant (ryegrass) system. With the application of sewage sludge, the contents of bioavailable Cd and Zn in soil increased significantly but that of bioavailable Pb in soil had a significant decrease, and the content of residual form Pb in soil increased by 33.3% -74.5%, compared with CK. When the application rate of sewage sludge was 50% (M/M) of soil, the contents of exchangeable and reducible Cu in soil only occupied 0.7% and 0.2% of the total Cu respectively. The application of sewage sludge promoted the Cd, Cu and Zn absorption while inhibited the Pb absorption by ryegrass. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the Cd, Zn and Cu contents in ryegrass were positively correlated with the reducible Cd and Zn and oxidizable Cu contents in soil, respectively, and Pb content in ryegrass was highly correlated with the soil exchangeable and oxidizable Pb contents. After planting ryegrass, the oxidizable Cd and Cu in rhizosphere soil were transformed into exchangeable Cd and residual form Cu, respectively, the exchangeable and reducible Zn transformed into oxidizable Zn, whereas the bioavailability of Pb was less affected.