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Rev. lab. clín ; 4(2): 77-83, abr.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88075

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los auto-anticuerpos son marcadores útiles en el inicio de la diabetes mellitus autoinmune, como apoyo diagnóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia de autoanticuerpos en el inicio de diabetes en nuestro medio, medidos mediante ELISA y valorar su papel diagnóstico en diabetes autoinmune. Material y métodos. Muestra de 111 pacientes con diabetes de inicio: 61 tipo 1 (incluye 12 diabetes autoinmune latente del adulto [LADA]) y 50 tipo 2. Grupo control 64 no diabéticos. Se analizaron antidescarboxilasa del ácido glutámico GADA, anti-tirosina fosfatasa de membrana IA-2 y anti-insulina IAA, mediante enzimoinmunoanálisis ELISA en microplaca. Se realizó estudio observacional descriptivo para valoración de pruebas diagnósticas. Programa estadístico PASW Statistics versión 18. Resultados. GADA(+): 78,7% DM1; 83,3% LADA; 2,0% DM2; 1,6% control. IA-2(+): 52,2% DM1; 45,5% LADA; 16,4% DM2; 12,5% control. IAA(+): 10,3% DM1; 18% LADA; 6,0% DM2; 1,7% control. GADA e IA-2 diferenciaron significativamente (p<0,0001) a los pacientes con diabetes autoinmune. No así IAA. Área bajo curva receiver operating characteristics (ROC): GADA=0,90 (p<0,0001); IA-2=0,74 (p<0,0001); IAA=0,57 (p=0,126). Criterio límite GADA(+) > 5,5 U/mL (sensibilidad 79%, especificidad 98%) e IA-2(+) > 6,0 U/mL (sensibilidad 54%, especificidad 84%). Análisis de factores riesgo asociados: Odds ratio GADA=51,44 e IA-2=4,64. Conclusiones. En nuestro estudio, la prevalencia de GADA en el inicio de diabetes es alta y su determinación eficaz en el diagnóstico de diabetes autoinmune. IA-2 incrementó 4,6 veces la probabilidad diagnóstica. IAA medidos mediante nuestro test ELISA no han mostrado valor como marcadores en la diabetes autoinmune, aunque esto no descarta su utilidad en otras patologías (AU)


Autoantibodies are useful markers for clinical onset of autoimmune diabetes, and as a diagnostic supports. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of autoantibodies at the onset diabetes mellitus in our environment, measured by an ELISA technique, and to assess its role as autoimmune diabetes diagnostic support. Material and methods. A sample of 111 patients with diabetes onset was studied, which included, 61 type 1 diabetes (12 Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and 50 type 2 diabetes. Control group: 64 non-diabetics. Antibodies glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), membrane phosphatase anti-tyrosine (IA-2), and anti-insulin (IAA) were determined by enzyme immunoassay ELISA microplates. A descriptive observational study was conducted to the measure diagnostic tests using the software PASW Statistics version 18. Results. GADA(+): 78.7% DM1; 2.0% DM2; 1.6% control. IA-2(+): 52.2% DM1; 45.5% LADA; 16.4% DM2; 12.5% control. IAA(+): 10.3% DM1; 18.0% LADA; 6.0% DM2; 1.7% control. Comparing means, autoimmune diabetics were significantly differentiated (P<.0001) by GADA and IA-2 values, but not with IAA. The area under the Curve using software Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC): GADA=0.90 (P<.0001), IA-2=0.74 (P<.0001), IAA=0.57 (P=.126). Optimal cut off for GADA>5.5U/mL (sensitivity 79%, specificity 98%) and IA-2>6.0U/mL (sensitivity 54%, specificity 84%). On analysing risk factors associated with autoimmune diabetes diagnosis, the calculated Odds ratio gave GADA=51.44 and IA-2=4.64. Conclusions. In this study GADA(+) prevalence is high at diabetes onset, and its calculation has been effective for autoimmune diabetes diagnosis. IA-2 increases diagnostic probability 4.6 times. Anti-insulin antibodies measured by ELISA test did not demonstrate value for autoimmune diabetes diagnosis and classification, although its usefulness is not excluded for the diagnosis support of other diseases (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis , Autoantibodies/analysis , Autoantibodies/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/trends , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Autoantibodies/administration & dosage , Autoantibodies/isolation & purification
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