A state-of-the-art review of image motion deblurring techniques in precision agriculture.

Image motion deblurring is a crucial technology in computer vision that has gained significant attention attracted by its outstanding ability for accurate acquisition of motion image information, processing and intelligent decision making, etc. Motion blur has recently been considered as one of the major challenges for applications of computer vision in precision agriculture. Motion blurred images seriously affect the accuracy of information acquisition in precision agriculture scene image such as testing, tracking, and behavior analysis of animals, recognition of plant phenotype, critical characteristics of pests and diseases, etc. On the other hand, the fast motion and irregular deformation of agriculture livings, and motion of image capture device all introduce great challenges for image motion deblurring. Hence, the demand of more efficient image motion deblurring method is rapidly increasing and developing in the applications with dynamic scene. Up till now, some studies have been carried out to address this challenge, e.g., spatial motion blur, multi-scale blur and other types of blur. This paper starts with categorization of causes of image blur in precision agriculture. Then, it gives detail introduction of general-purpose motion deblurring methods and their the strengthen and weakness. Furthermore, these methods are compared for the specific applications in precision agriculture e.g., detection and tracking of livestock animal, harvest sorting and grading, and plant disease detection and phenotyping identification etc. Finally, future research directions are discussed to push forward the research and application of advancing in precision agriculture image motion deblurring field.

The Research on the Problems Influencing Doctor-patient Harmony Based on Literature Analysis Method / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To explore the problems influencing doctor-patient harmony, and provide basis for im-proving the doctor-patient relationship. Method: China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database ( CNKI) and other databases were retrieved, keywords retrieved"doctor-patient harmony or doctor-patient relationship or doc-tor-patient dispute or doctor-patient conflict or doctor-patient communication or doctor-patient trust", ab-stracts retrieved"problem or challenge or obstacle or crisis" and the retrieval period was set"2009-2016", form-ing a collection of literature. Then boundary analysis method was used to determine whether the problem was satu-rated or not, and finally "macro model of health system" was used to classify and summarize the problems. Re-sults:The problems influencing the doctor-patient harmony can be summarized into 29 categories, covering 5 ma-jor aspects, which were resources, organization, process, results and external environment problems respectively. Conclusion:The various internal problems influencing the doctor-patient harmony interplay and mutually influ-ence, and also interconnect with external macro environment.

Cytoprotective Effect of Taurine against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in UMR-106 Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Osteoporosis development is closely associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taurine has potential antioxidant effects, but its role in osteoblasts is not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects and mechanisms of actions of taurine on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in osteoblast cells. UMR-106 cells were treated with taurine prior to H₂O₂ exposure. After treatment, cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular ROS production, malondialdehyde content, and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity were measured. We also investigated the protein levels of β-catenin, ERK, CHOP and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) along with the mRNA levels of Nrf2 downstream antioxidants. The results showed that pretreatment of taurine could reverse the inhibition of cell viability and suppress the induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner: taurine significantly reduced H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage and expression of CHOP, while it induced protein expression of Nrf2 and β-catenin and activated ERK phosphorylation. DKK1, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, significantly suppressed the taurine-induced Nrf2 signaling pathway and increased CHOP. Activation of ERK signaling mediated by taurine in the presence of H₂O₂ was significantly inhibited by DKK1. These data demonstrated that taurine protects osteoblast cells against oxidative damage via Wnt/β-catenin-mediated activation of the ERK signaling pathway.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version on Comprehensive Scores for Financial Toxicity based on the patient-reported outcome measures / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version on comprehensive scores for financial toxicity (COST),based on the patient-reported outcome measures.Methods A total of 118 cancer patients were face-to-face interviewed by well-trained investigators.Cronbach's α and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate reliability.Content validity index (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to evaluate the content validity and construct validity,respectively.Results The Cronbach's a coefficient appeared as 0.889 for the whole questionnaire,with the results of test-retest were between 0.77 and 0.98.Scale-content validity index (S-CVI) appeared as 0.82,with item-content validity index (I-CVI) between 0.83 and 1.00.Two components were extracted from the Exploratory factor analysis,with cumulative rate as 68.04％ and loading ＞0.60 on every item.Conclusion The Chinese version of COST scale showed high reliability and good validity,thus can be applied to assess the financial situation in cancer patients.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version on Comprehensive Scores for Financial Toxicity based on the patient-reported outcome measures / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version on comprehensive scores for financial toxicity (COST),based on the patient-reported outcome measures.Methods A total of 118 cancer patients were face-to-face interviewed by well-trained investigators.Cronbach's α and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate reliability.Content validity index (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to evaluate the content validity and construct validity,respectively.Results The Cronbach's a coefficient appeared as 0.889 for the whole questionnaire,with the results of test-retest were between 0.77 and 0.98.Scale-content validity index (S-CVI) appeared as 0.82,with item-content validity index (I-CVI) between 0.83 and 1.00.Two components were extracted from the Exploratory factor analysis,with cumulative rate as 68.04％ and loading ＞0.60 on every item.Conclusion The Chinese version of COST scale showed high reliability and good validity,thus can be applied to assess the financial situation in cancer patients.

Influence of personal feature on nurses' professional identity in military hospital / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the influence of personal feature on nurses' professional identity.Methods Nurses of 6 military hospitals were assessed and analyzed by general data questionnaire,Nursing Professional Identity Scale.Results Nurses' professional identity in military hospital was on the moderate level.Nursing age,department,monthly income,position,gender entered into the regression equation of nurses' occupation,which affected positively nursing professional identity.Conclusions The military nursing managers should raise the income of nurses appropriately,especially pay attention to training of professional identity of seniority nurses and local recruitment nurses,and enhance master concept in order to increase their understanding and recognition of their occupation.