Progress on AIFM1 gene mutation related diseases / 国际儿科学杂志

The apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1(AIFM1)gene encodes an apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF)protein with apoptosis and redox function.AIF is widely expressed within cells in human tissues, and playing an important role in the mitochondria.Mutations in the AIFM1 gene are associated with severe X-linked mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, Cowchock syndrome, X-linked spondyloepimeta-physeal dysplasia with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, auditory neuropathy and other diseases.AIFM1 gene mutations exhibit a wide range of clinical phenotypes, but the pathogenesis between mutations and phenotypes and phenotypic severity remains unclear.This paper summarizes the reported AIFM1 mutation-related loci, phenotypes, and possible pathogenesis mechanisms, and provide a brief review of AIFM1 mutation-related diseases and their progression.

Pooling Operations in Deep Learning: From "Invariable" to "Variable".

Deep learning has become a research hotspot in multimedia, especially in the field of image processing. Pooling operation is an important operation in deep learning. Pooling operation can reduce the feature dimension, the number of parameters, the complexity of computation, and the complexity of time. With the development of deep learning models, pooling operation has made great progress. The main contributions of this paper on pooling operation are as follows: firstly, the steps of the pooling operation are summarized as the pooling domain, pooling kernel, step size, activation value, and response value. Secondly, the expression form of pooling operation is standardized. From the perspective of "invariable" to "variable," this paper analyzes the pooling domain and pooling kernel in the pooling operation. Pooling operation can be classified into four categories: invariable of pooling domain, variable of pooling domain, variable of pooling kernel, and the pooling of invariable "+" variable. Finally, the four types of pooling operation are summarized and discussed with their advantages and disadvantages. There is great significance to the research of pooling operations and the iterative updating of deep learning models.

Medical image instance segmentation: from candidate region to no candidate region / 生物医学工程学杂志

In recent years, the task of object detection and segmentation in medical image is the research hotspot and difficulty in the field of image processing. Instance segmentation provides instance-level labels for different objects belonging to the same class, so it is widely used in the field of medical image processing. In this paper, medical image instance segmentation was summarized from the following aspects: First, the basic principle of instance segmentation was described, the instance segmentation models were classified into three categories, the development context of the instance segmentation algorithm was displayed in two-dimensional space, and six classic model diagrams of instance segmentation were given. Second, from the perspective of the three models of two-stage instance segmentation, single-stage instance segmentation and three-dimensional (3D) instance segmentation, we summarized the ideas of the three types of models, discussed the advantages and disadvantages, and sorted out the latest developments. Third, the application status of instance segmentation in six medical images such as colon tissue image, cervical image, bone imaging image, pathological section image of gastric cancer, computed tomography (CT) image of lung nodule and X-ray image of breast was summarized. Fourth, the main challenges in the field of medical image instance segmentation were discussed and the future development direction was prospected. In this paper, the principle, models and characteristics of instance segmentation are systematically summarized, as well as the application of instance segmentation in the field of medical image processing, which is of positive guiding significance to the study of instance segmentation.

18F-FDG-PET/CT Whole-Body Imaging Lung Tumor Diagnostic Model: An Ensemble E-ResNet-NRC with Divided Sample Space.

Under the background of 18F-FDG-PET/CT multimodal whole-body imaging for lung tumor diagnosis, for the problems of network degradation and high dimension features during convolutional neural network (CNN) training, beginning with the perspective of dividing sample space, an E-ResNet-NRC (ensemble ResNet nonnegative representation classifier) model is proposed in this paper. The model includes the following steps: (1) Parameters of a pretrained ResNet model are initialized using transfer learning. (2) Samples are divided into three different sample spaces (CT, PET, and PET/CT) based on the differences in multimodal medical images PET/CT, and ROI of the lesion was extracted. (3) The ResNet neural network was used to extract ROI features and obtain feature vectors. (4) Individual classifier ResNet-NRC was constructed with nonnegative representation NRC at a fully connected layer. (5) Ensemble classifier E-ResNet-NRC was constructed using the "relative majority voting method." Finally, two network models, AlexNet and ResNet-50, and three classification algorithms, nearest neighbor classification algorithm (NNC), softmax, and nonnegative representation classification algorithm (NRC), were combined to compare with the E-ResNet-NRC model in this paper. The experimental results show that the overall classification performance of the Ensemble E-ResNet-NRC model is better than the individual ResNet-NRC, and specificity and sensitivity are more higher; the E-ResNet-NRC has better robustness and generalization ability.

Practical on primary trauma care training mode in public cardiopulmonary resuscitation training / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To envaluate the effect of public cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in Ningnan Mountain area.Methods:Using the method of convenient sampling, 775 people in Ningnan Mountain area were investigated about CPR and first aid knowledge by questionnaire from January to December 2019. The awareness rate of CPR, operation score, and operation qualification rate of the public before and after CPR training in the primary trauma treatment (PTC) mode were observed.Results:After PTC training, the public's CPR knowledge score, operation score and operation qualification rate, in terms of first aid telephone, consciousness judgment method, identification of respiratory arrest, artificial respiration implementation method, effective CPR indication and extrathoracic cardiac compression position were significantly improved [first aid telephone score: 82.68±8.54 vs. 60.25±10.38, consciousness judgment method score: 79.46±10.82 vs. 58.35±9.26, identification of respiratory arrest score: 80.85±9.64 vs. 59.26±11.45, artificial respiration implementation method score: 81.54±9.48 vs. 56.47±10.54, extrathoracic cardiac compression site score: 80.35±10.48 vs. 59.56±9.85, effective indication of CPR score: 81.02±9.45 vs. 58.21±8.69, operation assessment score: 60.25±10.45 vs. 50.38±9.68, operation assessment qualified rate: 60.39% (468/775) vs. 12.13% (94/775), all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:PTC mode is helpful to improve the effect of public CPR training, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Clinical analysis of 67 cases of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics, clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions of rheumatoid factor (RF) positive (+ ) and negative (-) polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA).Methods:The clinical data of 67 PJIA patients admitted into Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2013 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into RF-positive PJIA group [RF (+ ) group, 23 cases] and RF-negative PJIA group [RF (-) group, 44 cases] according to RF titer.The clinical characteristics, laboratory indexes and clinical efficacy evaluation of the two groups were compared.Results:(1)Distribution of affected joints: the top 3 affected joints in the RF (+ ) group were the knuckles (16 cases, 69.57%), the wrists (15 cases, 65.22%) and the ankles (13 cases, 56.52%), and those in the RF (-) group were the knees (33 cases, 75.00%), ankle joints (29 cases, 65.91%) and hip joints (26 cases, 59.09%). The wrist joint involvement of the RF (+ ) group was significantly higher than that of the RF (-) group, while the knee joint involvement was lower than that of the RF (-) group.The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.01). (2)Magnetic resonance changes of the affected joints: articular cavity effusion (54 cases, 84.38%), synovial thickening (44 cases, 68.75%) and bone edema (26 cases, 40.63%) are common in both groups.The incidence of bone destruction (7 cases, 70.00%) and soft tissue edema (7 cases, 70.00%) in the RF (+ ) group was higher than that in the RF (-) group (2 cases, 18.18% and 2 cases, 18.18%), the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) Changes in laboratory indicators: the positive rates of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and anti-nuclear antibody in the RF(+ ) group were significantly higher than those in the RF(-) group, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). (4)Juvenile arthritis disease activity score 27 (JADAS27): the score difference between RF(+ ) group and RF(-) group was not statistically significant [(22.83±5.60) scores vs.(23.07±6.66) scores, t=0.148, P>0.05]. (5) Efficacy analysis: 2 patients were lost to follow-up after discharge, and the remaining 65 patients were treated with traditional therapy, of which 30 were given biologics at the first hospitalization, 9 cases were treated with biologics after the failure of traditional treatments, and 35 patients were treated with biologics to control disease activity.In different dosage regimens, the disease remission rate in the RF(-) group is generally higher than that in the RF(+ ) group. Conclusions:PJIA patients have complicated joint involvement, RF-positive patients are more prone to joint destruction, and traditional treatments are less effective.Biological agents can effectively improve the symptoms of severe PJIA patients, especially those with poor prognosis.

NSCR-Based DenseNet for Lung Tumor Recognition Using Chest CT Image.

Nonnegative sparse representation has become a popular methodology in medical analysis and diagnosis in recent years. In order to resolve network degradation, higher dimensionality in feature extraction, data redundancy, and other issues faced when medical images parameters are trained using convolutional neural networks. Lung tumors in chest CT image based on nonnegative, sparse, and collaborative representation classification of DenseNet (DenseNet-NSCR) are proposed by this paper: firstly, initialization parameters of pretrained DenseNet model using transfer learning; secondly, training DenseNet using CT images to extract feature vectors for the full connectivity layer; thirdly, a nonnegative, sparse, and collaborative representation (NSCR) is used to represent the feature vector and solve the coding coefficient matrix; fourthly, the residual similarity is used for classification. The experimental results show that the DenseNet-NSCR classification is better than the other models, and the various evaluation indexes such as specificity and sensitivity are also high, and the method has better robustness and generalization ability through comparison experiment using AlexNet, GoogleNet, and DenseNet-201 models.

Application effect of primary trauma treatment teaching mode in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training of special occupation in mountainous area of Southern Ningxia / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the application value of primary trauma treatment (PTC) teaching mode in special professional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide training.Methods:Cluster sampling method was adopted, and the residents' committee selected special occupation population from every town/sub-district office in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for CPR training. A monthly session was held from January to December 2019, with personnel trained by traditional operation teaching and individual practice method from January to June 2019 as the control group and personnel trained by PTC teaching mode from July to December 2019 as the observation group. The two groups of trainers, training objectives and assessment standards were consistent. Questionnaire survey was conducted at the beginning and end of each training period, including the degree of mastery of first-aid knowledge and skills and the level of self-efficacy, etc., to evaluate the training effect.Results:There were 503 trainees in each group, and there was no significant difference in gender, age, education and occupation distribution between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the first aid principles, CPR skill level and self-efficacy between the two groups before the training. The first aid principle, CPR skills level and self-efficacy of the two groups after training were all improved, and the principle of first aid and CPR skills level in the observation group was obviously higher than that in the control group (first aid related concepts: 4.39±0.76 vs. 3.87±0.89, gold life-saving time: 5.71±0.49 vs. 4.53±0.62, the meaning of the first witnesses: 5.33±0.82 vs. 4.18±0.78, cardiac, respiratory cardiac arrest in the judgment: 5.12±0.73 vs. 4.07±0.73, CPR skills: 5.29±0.64 vs. 4.15±0.71, all P < 0.05). The self-efficacy score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (emergency attitude: 18.17±1.24 vs. 17.35±1.25, self-efficacy: 13.56±1.54 vs. 11.35±1.26, behavioral intention: 9.56±0.84 vs. 8.92±0.95, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The application of PTC teaching mode in the training of CPR guidelines for special professions has significant effects, which can effectively help special professions to master CPR knowledge and skills, and has promotion value.

Survey on the inhabitants′ cardio-pulmonary resuscitation theory knowledge, skill mastery and self-efficacy in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among the public in mountainous areas of southern Ningxia, and provide scientific support for the popularization of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods:According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 1 503 inhabitants in Ningxia district (Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019) were chosen as research samples. The general data was analyzed; the self-made questionnaire was applied to evaluate the inhabitants ′ theory knowledge, skill mastery and self-efficacy by professional nurses. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence factors of theory knowledge and skill mastery degree. Results:A total of 1 503 valid questionnaires were collected, the assessment scores of theory knowledge, skill mastery and overall self-efficacy were (53.11±12.34), (62.64±18.35) and (6.09±2.18) points; According to demographic characteristics, multiple linear regression indicated that the influence factors of theory knowledge and skill mastery assessment scores included age, occupational distribution, education backgrounds, training conditions, time of taking training to survey, "onlooker" experience and self-efficacy indicators ( t/ F values were 5.723, 4.393, 5.817, 6.435, 5.990, 6.438, 6.631, P<0.01). The positive correlations were assumed ( r values were 0.012, 0.016, P<0.05) . Conclusion:In Ningxia, the inhabitants generally have low theory knowledge, skill mastery and self-efficacy levels. Therefore, the relevant medical institutions shall enhance the inhabitants ′ cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training through multiple methods and approaches.

Roles and mechanisms of complement 5a and complement 5a receptor in palmitic acid induced microglia inflammation / 实用医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of complement 5a receptor(C5aR)antagonist(PMX53)and palmitic acid(PA)on the inflammatory reaction of microglia,and to investigate the roles and mechanisms of com-plement C5a-C5aR in PA induced microglia inflammation.Methods Microglia from one day old mice was collect-ed,purified and identified by primary culture and immunohistochemical staining,and then was randomly divided into three groups including PA group,PA+PMX53 group and control group.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Iba-1 and ERK1/2 were determined by ELISA,Western blot and QT-PCR.Results In PA group, the levels of Iba-1 and TNF-α were higher significantly than the control group(P<0.001).Similarly,the levels of ERK1/2 mRNA(P = 0.005 6)and p-ERK1/2 protein(P < 0.001)in the PA group were higher significantly than that in control group in spite of no difference in ERK1/2 protein in all groups. However,the levels of Iba-1,p-ERK1/2 protein,ERK1/2 mRNA and TNF-α in the PA+PMX53 group were significantly lower than that in the PA group(P<0.001),although there was no difference in ERK1/2 protein in all groups.Conclusions C5a receptor antagonist suppresses inflammatory reaction of microglia induced byPA,suggesting that C5a-C5aR-ERK may par-ticipate in the inflammation of microglia induced byPA. Therefore,C5a receptor antagonist may protect the brain tissues from inflammation-induced damage.

Clinical Significance of Circulation Interleukin 6, N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide and Ferritin in Acute Kawasaki Diseas / 医学研究杂志

Objective To detect serum interleukin 6(IL-6), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and serum ferritin in acute Kawasaki disease (KD), and explore their values in the diagnosis of KD, and further to explore the relationship with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) unresponsiveness and coronary arterial lesions (CALs). Methods Totally 108 patients with KD (81 IVIG responders and 27 IVIG non-responders, 31with CALs and 77 non-CALs) were recruited from October 2014 to February 2016 at Department of Pediatrics of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 64 were boys and 44 were girls. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 11 years and 5 months. A total of 30 children with respiratory tract infection were selected as the control group, 18 were boys and 12 were girls, ages ranged from 4 months to 10 years. Serum IL-6, NT-proBNP and serum ferritin were measured at the day of admission. The differences between groups were analyzed by t-test. To compare the power of serum level of interleukin 6(IL-6), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and serum ferritin levels in predicting KD, IVIG unresponsiveness and CALs, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. All data are presented as means ± standard deviation. Results (1) The levels of IL-6 135 ± 268ng /L, NT-proBNP 1008 ± 1675ng /L and ferritin 227 ± 238μg /L were significantly higher in the acute phase patients with KD than those of the control group 27 ± 29ng /L for IL-6 (t = 2. 192, P = 0. 03), 109 ± 100ng /L for NT-proBNP(t = 5. 463, P = 0. 000) and 72 ± 101μg /L for ferritin (t = 3. 437, P = 0. 001). (2) The levels of NT-proBNP 1837 ± 2666ng /L in IVIG unresponsive group were significantly higher than those of the IVIG responsive group 720 ± 1032ng /L (t = 3. 108, P = 0. 002). However, there were no significant difference of IL-6 and serum ferritin between the two groups. (3) The levels of NT-proBNP in CALs group 1703 ± 2569ng /L vs 742 ± 1080ng /L, serum ferritin 340 ± 405μg /L vs 183 ± 99μg /L were significantly higher than those of the non-CALs group (P ＜ 0. 05). However, there was no significant difference of IL-6 between the two groups. (4) The area under the curve for predicting KD with various variables were as follows: serum IL-6 0. 773, NT-proBNP 0. 835 and serum ferritin 0. 793. The area under the curve for predicting resistance to IVIG with serum NT-proBNP was 0. 623. The area under the curve for predicting CALs with various variables were as follows: NT-proBNP 0. 612 and ferritin 0. 671. The ROC of ferritin for predicting CALs is better than NT-proBNP. A ferritin cut-off value of 160. 2μg /L yielded a sensitivity of 73. 7％, specificity of 52. 1％. Conclusion The serum IL-6, NT-proBNP and serum ferritin can be used as useful parameters in early diagnosis of KD. Elevated NT-proBNP or serum ferritin may be useful to predict IVIG resistance and CALs in KD patients.

Assessment and diagnosis of cardiac syncope in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Cardiac syncope is due to cardiac disorders or rhythm disorders as the main cause of syncope,etiolo-gy is accounted for the second in the cause of syncope in children. Compared with other causes of syncope,cardiac syn-cope is the risk for sudden death with high mortality and the prognosis is relatively poor. A preliminary assessment was made through medical history,physical examination and routine electrocardiogram exam. Routine electrocardiogram is the most basic examination for these patients. Long term electrocardiogram,color Doppler ultrasound and electrophysio-logic examination are recommended for the patients with cardiac syncope. In clinical work,the doctor should further im-prove the understanding of syncope in order to early identify cardiac syncope and comprehensive assess the risk of it, then effort to identify the cause of the cardiac syncope. Early diagnosis and standardized management will improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of sudden death in children with cardiac syncope.

Diagnostic and therapeutic advances on severe juvenile dermatomyositis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

In addition to skin and muscle lesions,severe juvenile dermatomyositis can also cause multiple systemic and organ damage,which directly threatens the life of children.The development of imaging and specific antibody detection techniques is beneficial to the early diagnosis of severe juvenile dermatomyositis.Early diagnosis and regular combination of continuous medication can improve its prognosis.At present,the treatment of severe juvenile dermatomyositis is mainly based on large doses of glucocorticoid.Intravenous immunoglobulin is a rapid and effective treatment and can be used as a first-line drug.It can be repeated in half a year.For children with combined organ damage,selective use of cyclosporine,mycophenolate mofetil,tacrolimus and other immunosuppressive agents,even biological agents,plasma exchange,stem cell transplantation,etc.,but the efficacy needs to be further verified.

Study progress of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis of children with syncope / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Eighty percent of unexplained syncope in children is neurally mediated syncope (NMS).The cur-rent clinical diagnosis of children NMS mainly depends on the head -up tilt test(HUTT),which has a certain risk, therefore searching for a safe noninvasive NMS diagnosis method is of great significance.Twenty -four -hour ambulato-ry blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)is widely used in clinic recently.It was reported that there was autonomic nerve adjustment imbalance in children with NMS.And the diagnostic value of ambulatory blood pressure pattern to NMS chil-dren was high.Non -spoontype blood pressure variation pattern of NMS could aid to diagnose children NMS.Fur-therly study of 24 h ABPMof NMS children has great significance to explore the pathogenesis of the NMS,to be benefi-cial to explain the regulating mechanism of the vessels,and go a step further to guide the treatment.

[Prediction of the risk of coronary arterial lesions in Kawasaki disease by N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide].

OBJECTIVE: To detect plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in acute Kawasaki disease (KD) and analyze the relationship between NT-proBNP and other bio-markers in order to evaluate if NT-proBNP could be as a useful diagnostic marker to predict the risk of coronary arterial lesions in acute KD. METHOD: Totally 106 patients with KD were recruited from January 2012 to April 2014 at Department of Pediatrics of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,64 were boys and 42 were girls, their age ranged from 2 months to 8 years and 4 months. Of the 106 cases, 48 had typical KD(TKD) and 58 incomplete KD(IKD). They were divided into two groups according to echocardiography results: coronary arterial lesions (KD-CAL, n = 33) and non coronary arterial lesions (KD-nCAL, n = 73). Forty children whose age and gender matched with respiratory tract infection were selected as control group, 22 were boys and 18 were girls, age range from 7 months to 7 years and 11 months. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were measured by using the enzyme-linked fluorescence analysis (ELFA) at the day of admission, meanwhile blood routine tests, liver function tests, determination of C-reactive protein (CEP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), electrolytes were performed in these patients. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association. The ROC curve analysis was done to identify the threshold of coronary 'arterial lesions. RESULT: The levels of NT-proBNP were (1 037 271) ng/L in TKD group and (1,325 ± 264) ng/L in IKD group. The levels of NT-proBNP in control group was (125 ± 22) ng/L. Both the levels of NT-proBNP in TKD and IKD group were significantly higher than that of control group (t = 3.360, 3.590; P < 0.05). The level of NT-proBNP in KD-CAL group was (2,775 ± 842) ng/L and that of KD-nCAL group was (830 ± 145) ng/L, NT-proBNP levels of KD-nCAL group was significantly higher than that of control group (t = 3.660, P = 0.007) ; moreover the level of NT-proBNP of KD-CAL group was also significantly higher than that of KD-nCAL group ( t = 3.860, P = 0.005). The levels of total white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, platelet count, CRP and ESR of KD-CAL group were significantly higher than those of the control group, however there was no significant difference between KD-CAL group and KD-nCAL group. The levels of albumin and Na of KD-nCAL group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Plasma NT-proBNP level in KD group was positively correlated with white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, and CRP (r = 0.239, P = 0.025; r = 0.359, P = 0.001; r = 0.474, P = 0.001), there was a negative correlation between albumin and Na (r = -0.303, P = 0.015; r = -0.338, P = 0.002). When the level of NT-proBNP was higher than 950 ng/L, the sensitivity for diagnosis of coronary arterial lesions in the KD was 88.1% and the specificity was 89.0%. CONCLUSION: The plasma NT-proBNP can be used as a useful parameter in early diagnosis of KD. Plasma NT-proBNP could be used to predict the risk of coronary arterial lesions in KD.

Cardiovascular system involvement in rheumatic diseases in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The common rheumatic diseases in children including rheumatic fever,juvenile idiopathic arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus (including neonatal lupus),juvenile dermatomyositis,Kawasaki disease,anaphylactoid purpura.Rheumatic diseases as a group of unknown etiology autoimmune diseases,connective tissue and collagen fibers of different organs can be affected.Systemic inflammatory is the common prominent characteristics of this kind of disease,often resulting in multiple organ damage.Over recent decades,there has been considerable interest in the long-term outcomes of individuals with chronical inflammatory disease and an area of particular concern has been the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease.Since sustained systemic inflammation is known to accelerate atherosclerosis,doctor should pay attention to rheumatic diseases associated cardiovascular involvements during daily clinical work.The cardiovascular involvement of common rheumatic diseases in children is summarized in this paper.

Research progress of multi-model medical image fusion and recognition / 生物医学工程学杂志

Medical image fusion and recognition has a wide range of applications, such as focal location, cancer staging and treatment effect assessment. Multi-model medical image fusion and recognition are analyzed and summarized in this paper. Firstly, the question of multi-model medical image fusion and recognition is discussed, and its advantage and key steps are discussed. Secondly, three fusion strategies are reviewed from the point of algorithm, and four fusion recognition structures are discussed. Thirdly, difficulties, challenges and possible future research direction are discussed.

Role of three vessels and trachea view in ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal heart disease and great artery abnormality / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in diagnosis of fetal heart disease and great artery abnormality.Methods 39 pregnant women undergoing fetal ultrasound scan and diagnosed with great artery abnormality were enrolled in this study.Then the image characteristics and significance of 3VT in these 39 cases were analyzed and evaluated.Results In these 39 cases proved by autopsy,persistent truncus arteriosus(7 cases),transposition of the great arteries(7 cases),coarctation of the aorta(5 cases),tetralogy of Fallot (4 cases),pulmonary stenosis (3 cases),hypoplastic left ventricle syndrome(2 cases),persistent left superior vena cava (2 cases),pulmonary valve stenosis with single ventricle(2 cases),Ebstein anomaly with pulmonary stenosis (1 case),interruption of the aortic arch( 1 case),hypoplastic right ventricle(1 case),dextroaortic arch (1 case),and ductus arteriosus stenosis( 1 case) were detected.All of them had anomalies performance on 3VT.While in the 2 cases of double outlet right ventricle,only one eoncurrenting with pulmonary artery stenosis showed reduced inner diameter of pulmonary artery on 3VT.According to the performance of 3VT in great artery abnormality,it could be divided into 4 categories:abnormal location,abnormal ratio,abnormal amount and abnormal blood direction of great artery.Conclusions 3VT is a useful supplement to the 4-chamber view,and has significant value in diagnosis of fetal heart and great arteries abnormities.

Mechanism of acylation stimulating protein resistance induced by fatty acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and preadipocytes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To evaluate the potential acylation stimulating protein (ASP) resistance in both adipocytes and preadipocytes under the conditions by which insulin resistance is produced by the stimulation of free fatty acids (FFA), and to explore the mechanism of ASP resistance on post-receptor level. METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate. Then the cells were treated with oleate or palmitate at concentration of 0 mmol/L (FFA-free DMEM/F12), 0.125 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L or 1.0 mmol/L overnight. Glucose transport was assessed by [~3H] 2-deoxyglucose uptake to evaluate insulin resistance and ASP resistance. Both non-FFA treated and FFA treated 3T3-L1 cells were cultured with ASP at concentration of 5.0 μmol/L for 4 h, then the cell proteins were extracted, and the expressions of guanine nucleotide binding protein beta (Gβ), guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-q/11(Gαq/11), phosphorylated-protein kinase Cα (p-PKCα) and phosphorylated-protein kinase Cζ (p-PKCζ) were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Both adipocytes and preadipocytes were responsive to ASP. ASP stimulation increased glucose transport by 198% in adipocytes and by 287% in preadipocytes (P<0.01 vs PBS). FFA at concentration of 0.125 mmol/L did not change ASP-stimulated glucose transport significantly, but high dose of oleate or palmitate effectively reduced the ASP response with a significant reduction by 47% (P<0.05 for oleate) and 34% (P<0.05 for palmitate) at 1 mmol/L FFA in adipocytes. Similarly in preadipocytes, glucose uptake rates were decreased by 43% (P<0.05 for oleate) and 62% (P<0.01 for palmitate) at 1 mmol/L FFA. Effects were comparable to those obtained with insulin. After overnight incubation with oleate or palmitate in adipocytes and preadipocytes, Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ were downregulated both in the absence of ASP treatment and in the presence of ASP treatment in adipocytes. At concentration of 1.0 mmol/L, oleate inhibited the expressions of ASP-induced Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ in adipocytes by 47%, 44%, 39% (P<0.05, P<0.01) and 20% (P>0.05), respectively. Palmitate also effectively blocked the expressions of ASP (at concentration of 1.0 mmol/L)-induced Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ by 50%, 43%, 44% and 43% (P<0.05, P<0.01) in adipocytes. In preadipocytes, oleate only inhibited ASP-induced p-PKCα and p-PKCζ significantly by 39% and 19%, respectively (P<0.05). However, overnight exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to 1 mmol/L palmitate leaded to 45%, 50%, 52% and 21% (P<0.05, P<0.01) inhibition of ASP-induced expressions of Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ, respectively. CONCLUSION: Oleate and palmitate inhibit ASP-mediated stimulation of glucose transport both in adipocytes and preadipocytes. The study provides direct evidence of ASP resistance under the condition of insulin resistance induced by FFA in a cellular model. The mechanism of action involves both changes in expression of C5L2 as well as signaling parameters. Fatty acid-induced ASP resistance may contribute to the physiological abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and obesity phenotype.

Genetic Polymorphism Analysis of Nine Short Tandem Repeat Loci in Han Population of Southern China / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] To investigate the genetic polymorphism of nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci in Han population of Southern China.[Methods] The 9 STR loci (D11S2368,D12S391,D13S325,D18S1364,D22-GATA198B05,D6S1043,D2S1772,D7S3048,D8S1132) were amplified with STR＿Typer＿10＿v1 kit for 1619 unrelated individuals of Han population in Southern China.The PCR products were analyzed with 3100 genetic analyzer and GeneMapper ID 3.1v software.The forensic efficiency parameters were calculated by PowerState V12.xls and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested with Arlequin 3.11v software.[Results] The genetic polymorphism of 9 STR loci in Han population of Southern China was quite high.The heterozygosities (H) ranged from 0.818 to 0.879.The match probabilities (MP) ranged from 0.031 to 0.063.The powers of discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.937 to 0.970,the probabilities of exclusion (PE) ranged from 0.632 to 0.753,the polymorphism information contents (PIC) ranged from 0.80 to 0.88 and the typical paternity indices (TPI) ranged from 2.74-4.13,respectively.These data were in accord with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P ＞ 0.05).[Conclusion] Nine STR loci are highly polymorphic in Chinese Han population.They are new useful tools for paternity testing,individual identification,and for the research of human genetics and anthropology.