ABSTRACT
Individuals of seven species of coleoid cephalopods (three species of octopus, three of squid, and one of cuttlefish), that were cultured and reared in laboratory aquarium systems, had a behavioral defect at hatching which was characterized by an inability to control orientation while swimming. These defective animals were designated as "spinners." An examination of statocysts from individuals of five of the affected species revealed abnormalities of the neuro-epithelial suprastructures: absence or malformation of the statolith of the gravity receptor system and absence of the cupulae of the angular acceleration receptor systems. The sensory epithelia did not differ from those of normal animals, nor did the synaptic structures and relationships, when examined both with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The abnormalities were compared with congenital defects of the neuropeithelial suprastructures of the vestibular apparatus (especially in mammals). The defects observed in statocysts of spinner animals are thought to be the result of environmental causes, such as the temperature or chemistry of the seawater in the transportation vessels or rearing systems, rather than genetic causes.
Subject(s)
Mollusca/anatomy & histology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/abnormalities , Animals , Microscopy, Electron , Mollusca/physiology , Reproduction , SwimmingSubject(s)
Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Mandibular Diseases/therapy , Mandibular Fractures/therapy , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Chronic Disease , Fractures, Ununited/complications , Humans , Male , Mandibular Diseases/etiology , Mandibular Fractures/complications , Middle Aged , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Osteomyelitis/pathology , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Fin damage was a major factor in the mortality of wild-caught squids kept in the laboratory. Infection of abraded fins by opportunistic bacterial pathogens impaired swimming and led to death. Serious skin abrasions were especially common in trawl-caught squids. Dipnets and jigs inflicted minimal trauma and were preferred for squid capture. Fin damage also occurred during transportation and during maintenance of squids in onshore tanks. A successful aquarium system with recycled sea water was used for squid maintenance. Hatchling, juvenile and adult loliginid squids remained healthy in closed-system aquaria for periods ranging from 1 to 16 weeks.
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Decapodiformes , Wounds and Injuries/veterinary , Animals , Female , Housing, Animal , Male , Skin/injuries , Skin/pathology , Wounds and Injuries/pathologyABSTRACT
A 23-year-old woman with Eisenmenger's complex had a cerebral air embolism with resultant severe neurologic impairment while undergoing phlebotomy for secondary polycythemia. She was treated with hyperbaric therapy 29 hours after the original accident with almost complete recovery of neurologic function.
