ABSTRACT
Background: Surgical and non-surgical periodontal procedures often lead to postoperative pain. Clinicians use pharmacological methods such as anesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics for relief. However, the multitude of options makes it challenging to select the best approach for routine dental care. Objective: This review aimed to describe previous studies regarding the pharmacological management used for pain control during periodontal procedures as well as factors that may interfere with patients' perception of pain. Methods: We included studies (period of 2000-2023, whose approach corresponded to the pharmacological protocols used for preoperative, trans-operative, and postoperative pain control in adult patients undergoing surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy. Results: A total of 32 studies were included in the analysis, of which 17 (53%) were related to anesthetic methods and 15 (47%) were related to therapeutic protocols (anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents). These studies predominantly involved nonsurgical periodontal procedures. Studies have reported that factors related to age, type of procedure, and anxiety can influence pain perception; however, only seven of these studies evaluated anxiety. Conclusions: Numerous methods for pain control can be applied in periodontal therapy, which are accomplished through anesthetic methods and/or therapeutic protocols. Factors such as anxiety, age, and type of procedure are related to pain perception in patients. Thus, it is the responsibility of dentists to evaluate each clinical situation and define the best protocol to follow based on the literature.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that affects the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa. It occurs more frequently in female patients and it is rarely observed in children, adolescents, or young adults. This study aims to report a case of oral lichen planus in a young patient with a nine-year followup. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old man reported to the Dentistry Department with a complaint of an asymptomatic white lesion on the dorsum and left lateral border of his tongue, which had appeared a few weeks before. Two weeks later, a second lesion, very similar to the previous one, appeared on the central region of his tongue. An incisional biopsy was performed. The histological slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. No pharmacological treatment was prescribed. The clinical and histopathological findings were suggestive of oral lichen planus. The IL-1ß/TNF-α expression was low. There was a spontaneous regression of the lesions after approximately one year. The nine-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION: This case presents atypical features such as the age of the patient and the spontaneous remission of the lesions.
INTRODUÇÃO: O líquen plano oral é uma condição inflamatória que acomete o epitélio escamoso estratificado da mucosa oral. Ocorre mais frequentemente em pacientes do gênero feminino e é raramente encontrado em pacientes pediátricos ou juvenis. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de líquen plano oral em um paciente jovem com acompanhamento de nove anos. RELATO DE CASO: Um rapaz de 19 anos procurou atendimento no Departamento de Odontologia com a queixa de uma lesão branca assintomática em região de dorso e borda lateral esquerda de sua língua, com tempo de evolução de algumas semanas. Duas semanas depois, uma segunda lesão, muito similar à primeira, apareceu na região central de sua língua. Uma biópsia incisional foi realizada. As lâminas histológicas foram coradas com hematoxilina-eosina e a expressão de interleucina-1beta (IL-1ß) e de fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) foram avaliadas por imunohistoquímica. Nenhum tratamento farmacológico foi prescrito. Os achados clínicos e histopatológicos foram sugestivos de líquen plano oral. A expressão de IL-1ß/TNF-α foi baixa. Houve uma regressão espontânea das lesões após aproximadamente um ano. O acompanhamento de nove anos não detectou sinais de recorrência. CONCLUSÃO: Esse caso apresenta características atípicas, como a idade do paciente e a remissão espontânea das lesões.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Lichen Planus, Oral , Parakeratosis , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
Durante a trajetória acadêmica, os docentes são expostos a diversos desafios e dificuldades. A fim de superá-los, necessitam desenvolver habilidades específicas, em especial, a capacidade didática. O objetivo desta pesquisa exploratória descritiva foi investigar as perspectivas dos docentes de Odontologia, considerando momentos distintos de suas carreiras. A amostra constituiu-se de professores da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa com até cinco anos de experiência universitária e com experiência superior a cinco anos. Do número total de participantes (53), apenas seis possuíam até 5 anos de atuação, portanto, foi sorteado, aleatoriamente, o mesmo número de questionários de professores com mais de 5 anos, para manter a similaridade entre os grupos. Os voluntários receberam um questionário aberto, semiestruturado e autoaplicável sobre a temática "Didática no ensino superior: desafios e perspectivas". Para a compilação e análise dos dados foram realizadas as técnicas do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) e nuvens de palavras. Observou-se que os assuntos que receberam maior ênfase pelos professores foram o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e o relacionamento professor-aluno, principalmente quando associados a dificuldades. Conclui-se que, apesar de semelhantes, as perspectivas quanto ao exercício da docência no curso de Odontologia divergem em alguns pontos. Suas preocupações possuem diferentes focos, porém ambos os grupos revelaram sentir as mesmas dificuldades (AU).
Professors at higher education programs are exposed to challenges and obstacles. In order to overcome them, they need to develop specific skills, especially the art of teaching. The aim of this exploratory descriptive study was to investigate the perspectives of professors of Dentistry, considering different moments of their careers. The sample consisted of professors with up to five years or more than five years of teaching experience at the Ponta Grossa State University. 53 volunteers were interviewed, but from these, only six professors had up to five years of experience. Therefore, the same number of questionnaires from the group with more than five years of practice was randomized, to keep both groups similar. Participants answered an open, semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire on "Teaching in higher education: challenges and perspectives". The Discourse of the Collective Subject method (DCS) and word clouds were used for data compilation and analysis. The results showed that the questions regarding the relationship between professor and student and the teaching-learning process were highlighted. We conclude that, despite being similar, the perspectives around the teaching practice diverge in some points. Professors' concerns have different approaches, however, they face the same difficulties, no matter how experient they are (AU).
