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2.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 49(5)oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407841

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Durante las últimas décadas la migración aumentó considerablemente en Chile generando preocupación por la salud de los migrantes. Respecto de la alimentación en escolares, la evidencia no es concluyente, por un lado, las preferencias alimentarias orientadas al territorio de acogida han sido asociadas a una menor calidad de la alimentación sumado a indicadores de malnutrición y por otro, escolares migrantes que presentaron menor riesgo de malnutrición por exceso. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la calidad global de la alimentación y las preferencias alimentarias de escolares chilenos y migrantes residentes en Chile. Se realizó un estudio transversal de tipo descriptivo, el cual incluyó una muestra de 534 escolares migrantes y no migrantes, de ambos sexos, los cuales fueron seleccionados por conveniencia, completando un cuestionario sobre calidad de la alimentación y preferencias alimentarias. Se analizaron distribuciones de frecuencias mediante la prueba de Chi2 por grupos. Escolares migrantes reportaron una mejor calidad global de la alimentación que escolares chilenos (p= 0,002), con mejores indicadores. Respecto a la calidad global de la alimentación por tiempo de residencia, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p= 0,025) en favor de aquellos migrantes con más de 5 años de residencia. La calidad global de la alimentación aumentó en migrantes cuando las preferencias alimentarias estuvieron orientadas al territorio de origen. En escolares chilenos la calidad global de la alimentación aumentó, cuando prefirieron alimentos que no son tradicionales de Chile. En conclusión, escolares migrantes reportaron una mayor calidad global de la alimentación que chilenos, y esta aumenta cuando el tiempo de residencia es de 5 o más años. Es necesario seguir indagando sobre la calidad global de la alimentación y las preferencias alimentarias en escolares migrantes.


ABSTRACT During the last decades, migration increased considerably in Chile, generating concern for the health of migrants. On the one hand, food preferences oriented to the host territory have been associated with lower food quality and indicators of malnutrition; on the other hand, migrant schoolchildren present a lower risk of excess malnutrition. The objective of this research was to compare the overall food quality and food preferences of Chilean and migrant schoolchildren residing in Chile. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, which included a sample of 534 migrant and non-migrant schoolchildren, of both sexes, who were selected by convenience, completing a questionnaire on food quality and food preferences. Frequency distributions were analyzed using the chi-square test by groups. Migrant schoolchildren reported better overall food quality compared to Chilean schoolchildren (p= 0.002), with better indicators in the dimensions of healthy, unhealthy food, and meal times. We observed statistically significant differences in overall food quality by time of residence (p= 0.025) in favor of those migrants with more than 5 years of residence. It is noteworthy that the healthy category reached its highest proportion (41.4%) among those with five or more years of residence in Chile. The overall quality of food increased in migrants when food preferences were oriented to the territory of origin. In Chilean schoolchildren, overall food quality increased when they preferred foods not characteristic of Chile. In conclusion, migrant schoolchildren reported a higher overall food quality compared to Chilean schoolchildren, and this increased when the time of residence was 5 or more years. Further research is needed on the overall food quality and food preferences of migrant schoolchildren.

3.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities ; 9(2): 413-419, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33559108

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acculturation stress may influence the development of abnormal eating behaviors. However, some mental health indicators, such as ethnic identity, may have a protective effect on this relationship. This study's main objective is to analyze the mediating effect of ethnic identity on the relationship between acculturation stress and abnormal eating behaviors in Colombian migrants living in Chile. METHODS: We obtained data on 976 Colombian migrants who were recruited with the help of the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Colombian Consulate in Chile, and self-managed groups of migrants residing in Chile. The mediation model was analyzed using Mplus 8.2 software, using the robust weighted least squares (WLSMV) estimation method. RESULTS: The most common abnormal eating behaviors were eating until you feel full and eating large amounts of food. The mediation model was adapted to the data. The effects indicate that ethnic identity only had an indirect effect on the problems of social relations with other migrants (indirect effect = .17, p = .01) and on the distance from the origin (indirect effect = -. 06, p = .01) on the abnormal eating behaviors. On the other hand, the ethnic identity presented a direct and indirect effect on the relationship between citizenship and legality problems, and abnormal behaviors (indirect effect = -.06, p = .04; direct effect = -.35, p = .01). DISCUSSION: Ethnic identity could be fundamental in the relationship between acculturation stress and abnormal eating behaviors, considering that post-migration eating practices are associated with unhealthy eating habits.


Subject(s)
Acculturation , Transients and Migrants , Chile , Colombia , Ethnicity , Humans
4.
Tob Induc Dis ; 19: 94, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34949976

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In Chile, the migrant population generally reports lower rates of cigarette and alcohol consumption. However, the migratory process and assimilation of behaviors after extended exposure to the host country could increase the consumption of these substances. The aim of this study was to compare cigarette and alcohol consumption among Colombian migrants and Chileans residing in Chile. METHODS: In 2019, data were collected from 963 Colombian migrants and 909 Chileans in three cities in Chile. The chi-squared test was used to analyze significant differences in cigarette and alcohol consumption between the groups. Subsequently, the relative risk (RR) and corresponding p-values were obtained. RESULTS: Colombian migrants had a significantly lower consumption of cigarettes than Chileans (16.6% and 25.1%, respectively). Regarding alcohol consumption, Colombian migrants reported lower consumption than Chileans (43.3% and 48.4 %, respectively ). CONCLUSIONS: The lower consumption of cigarettes and alcohol by Colombian migrants compared to Chileans is positive for the health of migrants. However, it is advisable to promote health interventions to avoid an increase in the consumption of these substances, especially considering that migrants could assimilate the consumption habits of Chileans.

5.
Nutr. hosp ; 38(6)nov.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224844

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el proceso de migración involucra cambio, modificación o adquisición de nuevos patrones y formas de alimentación, los cuales no siempre impactan de manera positiva en la salud de los migrantes, siendo frecuentemente asociadas a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades metabólicas y malnutrición por exceso cuando la calidad de la alimentación no es la adecuada. Objetivo: analizar el índice de calidad global de la alimentación (ICGA) en la población migrante colombiana en Chile, comparándola con la población chilena y la colombiana no migrante. Material y métodos: el total de la muestra fue de 834 individuos mayores de 18 años: 206 migrantes colombianos residiendo en Chile, 266 colombianos residentes en Colombia y 362 chilenos. Se les aplicó una encuesta de índice de calidad global de la alimentación para categorizar cuán saludable es el patrón alimentario de los participantes. Resultados: existen diferencias significativas en todos los puntajes analizados del ICGA en cuanto a alimentos saludables, no saludables y por tiempos de comidas. Se observó que los colombianos residentes en Colombia cuentan con el mayor puntaje de clasificación saludable mientras que los colombianos migrantes presentan las más altas cifras dentro de la condición poco saludable. En cuanto a los tiempos de comida, los chilenos son los que menos cumplen con los horarios. No obstante, destacan otras influencias relacionadas con los grupos de alimentos. Conclusión: es necesario ahondar en las variables vinculadas al contexto sociodemográfico, analizar los potenciales cambios en el tiempo y replicar la investigación en migrantes de otras nacionalidades para contar con mayores antecedentes sobre la relación entre la calidad de la alimentación y el proceso migratorio. (AU)


Introduction: the migration process involves change, modification, or acquisition of new eating patterns and ways of eating, which do not always positively impact the health of migrants, being frequently associated with a higher risk of metabolic diseases and excess malnutrition when the quality of food is not adequate. Objective: to analyze the global food quality index (GQI) in the Colombian migrant population in Chile, comparing it with the Chilean population and non-migrant Colombians. Material and methods: the total sample consisted of 834 individuals over 18 years of age — 206 Colombian migrants residing in Chile, 266 Colombians residing in Colombia, and 362 Chileans. A global food quality index survey was applied to categorize the healthiness of the participants' dietary patterns. Results: there were significant differences in all the ICGA scores analyzed regarding healthy foods, unhealthy foods, and mealtimes. It was observed that Colombians residing in Colombia have the highest score in the healthy classification, while Colombian migrants have the highest figures in the unhealthy condition. Regarding meal times, Chileans are the least compliant with meal times. However, other influences related to food groups stand out. Conclusion: it is necessary to delve deeper into variables linked to the sociodemographic context, analyze potential changes over time, and replicate in migrants of other nationalities to have more information on the relationship between food quality and the migration process. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Food Quality , Global Health/trends , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Colombia/ethnology , Diet Surveys , Global Health/ethnology
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(6): 1232-1237, 2021 Dec 09.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34431307

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the migration process involves change, modification, or acquisition of new eating patterns and ways of eating, which do not always positively impact the health of migrants, being frequently associated with a higher risk of metabolic diseases and excess malnutrition when the quality of food is not adequate. Objective: to analyze the global food quality index (GQI) in the Colombian migrant population in Chile, comparing it with the Chilean population and non-migrant Colombians. Methods: the total sample consisted of 834 individuals over 18 years of age - 206 Colombian migrants residing in Chile, 266 Colombians residing in Colombia, and 362 Chileans. A global food quality index survey was applied to categorize the healthiness of the participants' dietary patterns. Results: there were significant differences in all the ICGA scores analyzed regarding healthy foods, unhealthy foods, and mealtimes. It was observed that Colombians residing in Colombia have the highest score in the healthy classification, while Colombian migrants have the highest figures in the unhealthy condition. Regarding meal times, Chileans are the least compliant with meal times. However, other influences related to food groups stand out. Conclusion: it is necessary to delve deeper into variables linked to the sociodemographic context, analyze potential changes over time, and replicate in migrants of other nationalities to have more information on the relationship between food quality and the migration process.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el proceso de migración involucra cambio, modificación o adquisición de nuevos patrones y formas de alimentación, los cuales no siempre impactan de manera positiva en la salud de los migrantes, siendo frecuentemente asociadas a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades metabólicas y malnutrición por exceso cuando la calidad de la alimentación no es la adecuada. Objetivo: analizar el índice de calidad global de la alimentación (ICGA) en la población migrante colombiana en Chile, comparándola con la población chilena y la colombiana no migrante. Material y método: el total de la muestra fue de 834 individuos mayores de 18 años: 206 migrantes colombianos residiendo en Chile, 266 colombianos residentes en Colombia y 362 chilenos. Se les aplicó una encuesta de índice de calidad global de la alimentación para categorizar cuán saludable es el patrón alimentario de los participantes. Resultados: existen diferencias significativas en todos los puntajes analizados del ICGA en cuanto a alimentos saludables, no saludables y por tiempos de comidas. Se observó que los colombianos residentes en Colombia cuentan con el mayor puntaje de clasificación saludable mientras que los colombianos migrantes presentan las más altas cifras dentro de la condición poco saludable. En cuanto a los tiempos de comida, los chilenos son los que menos cumplen con los horarios. No obstante, destacan otras influencias relacionadas con los grupos de alimentos. Conclusión: es necesario ahondar en las variables vinculadas al contexto sociodemográfico, analizar los potenciales cambios en el tiempo y replicar la investigación en migrantes de otras nacionalidades para contar con mayores antecedentes sobre la relación entre la calidad de la alimentación y el proceso migratorio.


Subject(s)
Food Quality , Global Health/trends , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Chile , Colombia/ethnology , Diet Surveys , Female , Global Health/ethnology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
7.
Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) ; 14(1): 48-54, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34306578

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to compare food intake dysfunctional patterns score with the subjective perception of anxiety and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants in isolation by COVID-19 from Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. A cross-sectional research was carried out, with a virtual questionnaire of subjective perception of anxiety and the questionnaire of three 18-item feeding factors. 958 people of both sexes participated (F = 83%, M = 17%), mainly in the 18 to 35 age range. Dysfunctional eating patterns presented high scores in people who perceived anxiety, as well as in participants from Chile. Additionally, it was found that women present greater cognitive restriction and emotional intake, and college students showed greater disinhibition. In conclusion, the scores of the three dysfunctional eating patterns were higher in people with subjective perception of anxiety during social isolation due to COVID-19, and there were also differences according to country, sex, and educational level.


El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el puntaje de los patrones disfuncionales de la ingesta con la percepción subjetiva de la ansiedad y características sociodemográficas de los participantes en aislamiento por COVID-19 de Chile, Colombia y México. Se realizó una investigación de tipo transversal, con un cuestionario virtual de percepción subjetiva de la ansiedad y el cuestionario de tres factores de alimentación 18-items. Participaron 958 personas de ambos sexos (F = 83%, M = 17%), principalmente en el rango de edad de 18 35 años. Los patrones disfuncionales de la ingesta presentaron puntajes altos en personas que percibieron ansiedad y en participantes de Chile. Adicionalmente, se encontró que las mujeres presentan mayor restricción cognitiva e ingesta emocional y los estudiantes universitarios mostraron mayor desinhibición. En conclusión, los puntajes de los tres patrones disfuncionales de la ingesta fueron más altos en las personas con percepción subjetiva de ansiedad durante el aislamiento social por COVID-19 y así mismo se presentaron diferencias de acuerdo al país, sexo y nivel educativo.

8.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 48(3)jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388498

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La actividad física es considerada una conducta reguladora de ansiedad y ha demostrado efectividad para reducir esta condición emocional. Debido a la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19), en Latinoamérica los gobiernos han aplicado estrategias de aislamiento para reducir la probabilidad de contagio y de esta manera controlar las afectaciones a la salud; sin embargo, un efecto desfavorable de esta situación es el incremento en los niveles de ansiedad que puede afectar la ingesta de alimentos. El objetivo fue analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y la percepción subjetiva de la ansiedad, y las diferencias de estas variables con los patrones disfuncionales de la ingesta en personas latinoamericanas que se encontraban en aislamiento. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 1.035 personas de diferentes países, a partir del cual se identificó que aquellas personas que realizaban actividad física presentaron una probabilidad 50% menor de percibir ansiedad. Adicionalmente, los sujetos que realizaban actividad física presentaron mayor restricción cognitiva y los que no realizaban actividad física, registraron mayor nivel de desinhibición e ingesta emocional. Finalmente, se concluye que la actividad física es una conducta reguladora de la ansiedad en esta época de aislamiento o cuarentena y tiene influencia positiva en los individuos, ya que reduce la desinhibición y la ingesta emocional, por lo que podría prevenir el incremento de peso y el posible desarrollo de patologías alimentarias. Este hallazgo es importante para la promoción de la actividad física en esta época de aislamiento y en situaciones similares, además es útil para las intervenciones en sujetos con alimentación emocional.


ABSTRACT Physical activity is considered an anxiety-regulating behavior and is effective in reducing this emotional condition. Due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), governments of Latin America have applied isolation strategies to reduce the probability of contagion and thus control health effects; however, an unfavorable effect of this situation has been the increase in anxiety levels that can affect food intake. The objective of the current study was to analyze the association between physical activity and differences in dysfunctional patterns of intake in Latin American people who were in isolation. A questionnaire was applied to 1.035 people from different countries. We observed that those performing physical activity presented a 50% lower probability of perceived anxiety. Additionally, the subjects who performed physical activity presented greater cognitive restriction, and those who did not perform physical activity registered a higher level of disinhibition and emotional intake. We conclude that physical activity is an anxiety-regulating behavior in this time of isolation or quarantine and has a positive influence on individuals, since it reduces disinhibition and emotional intake, and could prevent weight gain and possible development of food pathologies. This finding is important for the promotion of physical activity in this time of confinement and similar situations, and it is also useful for interventions on subjects with emotional feeding.

9.
Appetite ; 157: 105006, 2021 02 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33069775

ABSTRACT

Immigration changes the daily dynamics of migrant individuals and communities, as individuals confront new cultures and environments, including new foods and eating styles. Consequent influences on eating behaviors comprise an individual's actions in feeding themself that are conditioned by biological, social, cultural, and psychological factors. Mental health indicators such as anxiety and stress reflect negative impacts of acculturation on migrants' health, but ethnic identity is potentially protective. However, the relationship between these mental health indicators and immigrant populations' eating behaviors have not been addressed. Our objective was to analyze the mediating effects of acculturation stress and ethnic identity on the relationship between anxiety and three dimensions of eating behaviors in Colombian migrants living in Chile. A total of 959 Colombian immigrants participated. Ethnic identity only partially mediated the effect of emotional eating. The other two dimensions had direct effects but no mediating effects. Conversely, acculturation stress and emotional eating partially mediated restrained eating while external intake had a direct effect but no mediation. Anxiety had significant direct effects with all the dimensions analyzed. Ethnic identity score related to a protective effect between anxiety and emotional eating. Stress of acculturation, conversely, was a risk factor in the relationship between anxiety, emotional eating, and restrained eating.


Subject(s)
Acculturation , Emigration and Immigration , Anxiety , Chile , Ethnicity , Feeding Behavior , Humans
10.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(5): 724-729, set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138608

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estrategias de Aculturación Alimentaria - EdeAA, instrumento diseñado para evaluar dichas habilidades basándose en el modelo categórico de estrategias de aculturación propuesto por Berry. Trecientos tres inmigrantes colombianos residentes en la ciudad de Antofagasta, Chile participaron del estudio. Se testeó la comprensión y pertinencia cultural de la redacción de los ítems, paralelamente se realizó validación de expertos y finalmente se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Como resultados, los índices de bondad de ajuste indican que el modelo propuesto en este trabajo presenta un ajuste global aceptable (x2= 55,9; gl= 19; p<0,001; CFI= 0,960; RMSEA= 0,080 (0,056 - 0,105)). Se concluye que los resultados sustentan empíricamente la validez de la estructura interna de la Escala de Estrategias de Aculturación Alimentaria - EdeAA. Se sugiere replicar estos resultados en diferentes condiciones (distintas muestras, otros métodos de estimación, etc.). En esta línea es necesario realizar análisis de invarianza factorial con diversos grupos de migrantes residentes en distintos países.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Food Acculturation Strategies Scale - EdeAA (in Spanish Escala de Estrategias de Aculturación Alimentaria), an instrument designed to evaluate skills based on the categorical model of acculturation strategies proposed by Berry. Three hundred and three Colombian immigrants living in the city of Antofagasta, Chile participated in the study. The understanding and cultural relevance of the writing of the items was tested, in parallel with expert validation and finally a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. Goodness-of-fit indices indicated that the model proposed in this work had an acceptable global adjustment (x2 = 55.9; gl= 19; p < 0.001; IFC= 0.960; RMSEA= 0.080 (0.056 - 0.105)). We conclude that the results empirically support the validity of the internal structure of the Food Acculturation Strategies Scale - EdeAA. Replicating these results under different conditions (different samples, other estimation methods, etc.) is suggested. In this line, it is necessary to carry out factor invariance analyses with different groups of migrants residing in different countries.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Transients and Migrants , Emigrants and Immigrants , Food , Acculturation , Psychometrics , Social Adjustment , Feeding Behavior
11.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(4): 823-829, jul.-ago. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-201698

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la migración se ha asociado al desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Del mismo modo, la transición de la alimentación durante la migración se ha relacionado con un consumo elevado de alimentos altos en azúcares refinados y grasas saturadas. Existen características específicas del comportamiento alimentario que pueden influir en la calidad de la alimentación de la población migrante. OBJETIVO: comparar el comportamiento alimentario de la población colombiana y la chilena residentes en el norte y centro de Chile. MÉTODO: se aplicó a 1872 individuos, chilenos y colombianos, la entrevista estructurada E-TONA, enfocada en evaluar los componentes conductuales de los hábitos alimentarios cotidianos y anómalos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de distribución de frecuencias y regresiones logísticas, y se calcularon los odds ratios. RESULTADOS: existen diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las conductas alimentarias, tanto cotidianas como anómalas, entre los chilenos y los colombianos migrantes. Los chilenos tienden a seguir horarios más regulares y a "picar" más entre comidas que los migrantes. Los migrantes tienen el doble de riesgo de comer solos por sentir vergüenza de la cantidad y velocidad con la que comen, tienden a ejecutar menos conductas relacionadas con una mejor calidad de la dieta y suelen estar menos preocupados por su alimentación que los chilenos; sin embargo, los chilenos tienen casi el doble de probabilidades de darse atracones de comida y utilizar los alimentos como método para calmar la ansiedad. CONCLUSIÓN: existen diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los comportamientos alimentarios evaluados que deben ser abordadas en profundidad considerando las diferencias culturales


INTRODUCTION: migration has been associated with the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders. Similarly, the food transition during migration has been related to a high consumption of foods high in refined sugars and saturated fats. There are specific characteristics of the eating behavior that may influence quality in the migrant population's diet. OBJECTIVE: to compare feeding behavior between the Colombian and Chilean populations residing in the north and center of Chile. METHOD: the structured interview E-TONA, focused on assessing the behavioral components of daily and anomalous eating habits, was administered to 1,872 individuals, both Chileans and Colombians. Descriptive analyses of frequency distribution and logistic regressions were performed, and odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS: there are significant differences in the majority of eating behaviors, both daily and anomalous, between Chileans and Colombian migrants. Chileans tend to follow more regular schedules and "snack" more between meals than migrants. Migrants have twice the risk of eating alone because they feel ashamed of their eating amount and speed, tend to show fewer behaviors related to better quality in their diet, and tend to be less worried about their diet than Chileans; however, Chileans are almost twice as likely to binge on food and use food as a method to calm anxiety. CONCLUSION: there are significant differences in most of the evaluated eating behaviors that must be addressed in depth considering cultural differences


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Eating/ethnology , Feeding Behavior/ethnology , Transients and Migrants , 24457 , Nutrition Surveys , Interviews as Topic , Colombia , Chile
12.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 69(4): 202-208, dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1103626

ABSTRACT

Se ha reportado que el contexto universitario propicia un hábito alimentario inadecuado, orientado al consumo de alimentos de conveniencia caracterizados por ser de bajo costo, hipercalóricos, altos en grasas saturadas y de escaso valor nutritivo lo que aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. En este contexto, la evidencia refiere que algunos indicadores psicológicos como mayores niveles de satisfacción vital y apoyo familiar se relacionan con una dieta de mayor calidad al mismo tiempo que es asociada a un menor índice de masa corporal. Sin embargo, existe un vacío teórico respecto a las distintas caracterizaciones de comportamientos alimentarios que guían la toma de decisiones relacionadas con las preferencias y consumo de alimentos en población universitaria. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación existente entre caracterizaciones de comportamiento alimentario con el bienestar psicológico de estudiantes universitarios en el norte de Chile. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 647 estudiantes residentes en las ciudades de Arica y Antofagasta, el promedio de edad fue de 22 años, se utilizó el cuestionario de bienestar psicológico de Carol Ryff y el cuestionario holandés de conductas alimentarias. Los resultados indican que la ingesta emocional tiene el mayor efecto sobre el bienestar psicológico relacionándose significativa y negativamente con todas sus dimensiones, la tendencia restrictiva se asoció con autoaceptación, relaciones positivas y autonomía, finalmente la ingesta externa no reportó ningún efecto sobre el bienestar psicológico. Es necesario generar más evidencia de la relación entre variables psicológicas y alimentación(AU)


It has been reported that the university context fosters an inadequate eating habit, oriented to the consumption of convenience foods characterized by being low cost, hypercaloric, high in saturated fat and low nutritional value, which increases the risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases. In this context, the evidence refers that some psychological indicators such as higher levels of life satisfaction and family support are related to a higher quality diet while being associated with a lower body mass index. However, there is a theoretical gap regarding the different characterizations of eating behaviors that guide decision making regarding food preferences and consumption in the university population. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between characterizations of eating behavior with the psychological well-being of university students in northern Chile. The sample consisted of 647 students residing in the cities of Arica and Antofagasta, the average age was 22 years, the Carol Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire and the Dutch food behavior questionnaire were used. The results indicate that emotional intake has the greatest effect on psychological well-being by being significantly and negatively related to all its dimensions, the restrictive tendency was associated with self-acceptance, positive relationships and autonomy; finally, external intake did not report any effect on psychological well-being. It is necessary to generate more evidence of the relationship between psychological variables and food(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Personal Satisfaction , Affect , Eating/psychology , Feeding Behavior , Universities , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Food Addiction
13.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 46(2): 190-196, abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003693

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la evidencia existente respecto del comportamiento alimentario y dieta en inmigrantes, sus características y las dimensiones consideradas para su estudio. Debido al aumento progresivo de la migración de latinoamericanos hacia Chile durante las últimas décadas y la escasa evidencia acerca del posible impacto que genera este nuevo contexto cultural en sus hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional y salud en general. Se ha reportado que el proceso de migración tiende a provocar un impacto negativo en la salud de los inmigrantes asociados a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, malnutrición por exceso y a una peor calidad de vida relacionadas a un mayor grado de asimilación y a conductas alimentarias poco saludables como el consumo de alimentos altamente procesados ricos en grasa y azúcares, mayor frecuencia de comida fuera del hogar y aumento de colaciones dulces. Sin embargo, existen diferencias por sexo, edad, país de origen, nivel socioeconómico, composición del barrio, y tiempo de residencia por lo que resulta necesario generar evidencia del contexto chileno que permita caracterizar el comportamiento alimentario y la dieta de los inmigrantes para diseñar medidas sanitarias culturalmente competentes que favorezcan su salud y calidad de vida.


ABSTRACT The objective of this review was to describe the existing evidence regarding the dietary behavior and diet of immigrants, their characteristics and the dimensions considered for their study due to the progressive increase in the migration of Latin Americans to Chile during the last decades and the scarce evidence about the possible impact generated by this new cultural context in eating habits, nutritional status and health in general. It has been reported that the migration process tends to have a negative impact on the health of immigrants associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition due to excess and a lower quality of life related to a greater degree of assimilation and unhealthy behaviors such as the consumption of highly processed foods rich in fat and sugars, greater frequency of eating out and increased sweet snacks. However, there are differences by sex, age, country of origin, socioeconomic level, neighborhood composition and residence time so it is necessary to produce evidence from the Chilean context that allows for the characterization of food behavior and diet of immigrants to design culturally competent measures that favor health and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Hyperphagia , Nutritional Status , Emigrants and Immigrants , Feeding Behavior , Acculturation , Chile
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