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1.
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res ; 103(1): 101-103, 2017 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27894853

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Concurrent carpal tunnel syndrome and pronator syndrome are rarely considered and the proximal compression sites are easily overlooked. We retrospectively studied 21 concurrent cases in our series from 2009 to 2015 and report the results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The typical symptoms were pain, tingling, and numbness of the radial 3½ digits. If paresthesia involved the thenar eminence and proximal forearm pain was noted in cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome combined with pronator syndrome was considered. Additionally, nocturnal paresthesia symptoms are absent in pronator syndrome. Therefore, if nocturnal symptoms occurred in pronator syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome was considered. We included concurrent carpal tunnel syndrome and pronator syndrome. We used arthroscopic release of the transverse carpal ligament and open decompression for the pronator teres in cases that underwent surgery for the first time. However, recurrent carpal tunnel cases were treated with the open carpal tunnel release and open pronator decompression procedure in our hospital. The two-point discrimination was used for evaluation of sensory deficit. The grip and pinch (thumb tip to index) strength were measured by dynamometry and pinch gauge respectively. RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed 344 cases of sustained carpal tunnel syndrome or pronator syndrome from the medical records of our institution. Of the 344 cases, 322 involved carpal tunnel syndrome alone, 1 involved pronator syndrome alone, and 21 involved carpal tunnel syndrome combined with pronator syndrome. The 21 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome combined with pronator syndrome were included in our study. Among the total cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, 6% (21/343) had pronator syndrome. The patients included 3 men and 18 women with a mean age of 52 years (range: 42-69 years). Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies were routinely performed. Postoperative evaluation showed that 15 out of 21 patients (71%) were completely relieved of pain and paresthesia and had no sensory deficit, satisfied strength improved (>85% of the opposite hand). Six patients (29%) had occasional paresthesia and pain, but no sensory deficit; grip and pinch strength deficit were recorded (<50% of the opposite hand). Six cases of these partially relieved patients had recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome but no one needed to perform tendon transfer for thenar muscle atrophy. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider the diagnosis of double crush syndrome of the median nerve, as carpal tunnel syndrome combined with pronator syndrome may impede treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome.


Subject(s)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/surgery , Median Neuropathy/surgery , Adult , Aged , Arthroscopy , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/complications , Decompression, Surgical , Female , Hand Strength , Humans , Ligaments, Articular/surgery , Male , Median Neuropathy/complications , Middle Aged , Paresthesia/etiology , Paresthesia/surgery , Retrospective Studies
2.
Scand J Rheumatol ; 46(3): 236-240, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27766916

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Few studies on tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor-associated tuberculosis (TB) and hepatic events have been performed in regions where these risks are elevated. This study aimed to provide a direct comparison between adalimumab and etanercept in a high-risk population and to address the implications for physicians working with patients in such an environment. METHOD: Data collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan between 2007 and 2011 were analysed retrospectively for incidences of eight adverse events associated with TNF-α inhibitors. Hazard ratios (HRs) of adalimumab vs. etanercept were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: During this 5-year period, 86 events of TB were reported after 5317 person-years of exposure to adalimumab (1.62 events per 100 person-years), compared to 44 events after 7690 person-years of exposure to etanercept (0.57 events per 100 person-years). For serious hepatic events that led to hospitalization, 0.75 events were reported per 100 person-years of exposure to adalimumab compared to 0.39 events per 100 person-years of exposure to etanercept. Adjusted HRs for TB [aHR 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.09-4.49, p < 0.0001], hospitalization due to a hepatic event (aHR 2.05, 95% CI 1.27-3.30, p = 0.0035), and serious infection (aHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19-1.84, p = 0.0005) attained significance. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-α-targeting therapies with the monoclonal antibody adalimumab confers significant added risk of TB and serious hepatic events compared to therapies with the soluble fusion protein etanercept. Tailored strategies to attenuate these risks are warranted in high-risk regions such as Taiwan.


Subject(s)
Adalimumab/therapeutic use , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Etanercept/therapeutic use , Liver Diseases/epidemiology , Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Chronic Disease , Databases, Factual , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Herpes Zoster/epidemiology , Humans , Lymphoma/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prevalence , Proportional Hazards Models , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Taiwan/epidemiology
3.
J Chem Phys ; 123(14): 144503, 2005 Oct 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16238403

ABSTRACT

The effect of vibrational structure on the frequency dependence of the first molecular hyperpolarizability of two thiophene-based charge-transfer chromophores is investigated. A time domain formulation is used to express the polarizability. The new expression includes the solvent-induced inhomogeneous distribution of electronic transition frequencies as well as the effect of the motion of solvent molecules that modulates the vibrational and electronic transition frequencies of the nonlinear optical molecule on which the first molecular hyperpolarizability depends. Resonance Raman scattering and one-photon absorption spectra of the chromophores are measured. By simultaneously fitting the experimental one-photon absorption spectrum and Raman cross sections of vibrational lines derived from resonance Raman scattering to a theoretical model, important parameters needed for the calculation of the first molecular hyperpolarizability are obtained. The first molecular hyperpolarizability is calculated as a function of frequency covering both nonresonance and two-photon resonance regions. The calculated result is compared with the measured hyperpolarizability as a function of frequency of the excitation laser. The resonance Raman-based analysis is shown to account reasonably well for the dispersion of the hyperpolarizability of the two charge transfer chromophores.

4.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1018: 533-40, 2004 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15240412

ABSTRACT

The effects of exogenous toxins (MPP(+), rotenone) and potentially neurotoxic properties of levodopa (L-DOPA) on the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons in dissociated primary culture are presented. Dopamine agonists show a capacity to counteract MPP(+)-toxicity. Moreover, a preserving potential of the antioxidant and bioenergetic coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) on the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), complexes I and II of the respiratory chain, and hexokinase activity in striatal slice cultures against MPP(+) is demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Dopamine/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Coenzymes , Disease Models, Animal , Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neurotoxins/toxicity , Parkinson Disease/enzymology , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism , Ubiquinone/pharmacology
5.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) ; 109(5-6): 633-43, 2002 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12111455

ABSTRACT

Dopamine agonists are an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. They postpone the necessity for and reduce the required dose of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) medication thus protecting against the development of motor complications and potential oxidative stress due to L-DOPA metabolism. In primary cultures from mouse mesencephalon we show that pergolide, a preferential D(2) agonist enhanced the survival of healthy dopaminergic neurons at low concentrations of 0.001 microM. About 100 fold higher concentrations (0.1 microM) were necessary to partially reverse the toxic effects of 10 microM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)). Pergolide was equally effective in preventing the reduction of dopamine uptake induced by 200 microM L-DOPA. Furthermore, between 0.001-0.1 microM it also reduced lactate production thus promoting aerobic metabolism. The present findings suggest that pergolide protects dopaminergic neurons under conditions of elevated oxidative stress.


Subject(s)
Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology , Dopamine/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Pergolide/pharmacology , Stress, Physiological/physiopathology , 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/antagonists & inhibitors , 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/poisoning , Animals , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Dopamine/pharmacokinetics , Dopamine Agents/pharmacology , Levodopa/pharmacology , Mesencephalon/pathology , Mesencephalon/physiopathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/physiology , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
6.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) ; 109(5-6): 651-61, 2002 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12111457

ABSTRACT

In the present study, primary cultures of mesencephalic dopaminergic cells were exposed to synthetic dopamine neuromelanin (NM) for 48 hrs at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 20, 50 and 100 microg NM/ml medium. Differently prepared synthetic NM with or without incorporated iron and NM oxidatively damaged by hydrogen peroxide were used. All NMs affected cellular structures e.g. as swelling of neural processes, rounding of cells, and occasional inclusion of neuromelanin particles. Cell numbers were uniformly and dose dependently reduced. Exposure to MPP(+) and ferric iron led to cytotoxic changes which could be further aggravated by oxidatively damaged NM, suggesting cytotoxicity of soluble compounds of NM in predamaged neurons.


Subject(s)
Dopamine/metabolism , Melanins/chemical synthesis , Melanins/poisoning , Mesencephalon/drug effects , Mesencephalon/metabolism , Neurons/drug effects , 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Count , Cell Size/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Embryo, Mammalian , Ferric Compounds/pharmacology , Iron/metabolism , Melanins/administration & dosage , Melanins/metabolism , Mesencephalon/cytology , Mice , Neurons/pathology , Osmolar Concentration , Oxidation-Reduction
7.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) ; 109(2): 157-69, 2002 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12075855

ABSTRACT

Dopamine agonists play an important role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by reducing the administration of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The enzymatic and non-enzymatic conversion of L-DOPA is suspected to increase oxidative stress, which leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. In primary mouse mesencephalic cultures we show that the dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist lisuride, in a concentration range of 0.001-1 microM, enhances the survival of dopaminergic neurons, protects against toxicity induced by L-DOPA or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and stimulates 3H-dopamine uptake. Lisuride also reduces anaerobic metabolism during incubation with L-DOPA. The present findings suggest that lisuride may have trophic/survival-promoting properties and potentially reduces oxidative stress.


Subject(s)
Antiparkinson Agents/pharmacology , Cytoprotection , Dopamine/physiology , Lisuride/pharmacology , Neurons/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/toxicity , Animals , Antiparkinson Agents/toxicity , Cells, Cultured , Levodopa/toxicity , Mesencephalon/drug effects , Mesencephalon/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neurons/metabolism
8.
Pac Symp Biocomput ; : 588-99, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10902206

ABSTRACT

Combinatorial library design is by nature a multicriterion problem. These criteria often include reagent diversity, product similarity to lead compounds and product novelty with respect to a corporate compound bank. More recently, developability and druglikeness have also attracted much attention in library design practices. To address this multicriterion design problem, we have developed a computer program (PICCOLO) that simultaneously optimizes all the factors under consideration using a weighted sum optimization technique. In this paper, we describe the overall design of this program and the formulation of individual penalty functions that characterize the underlying design criteria. We also give an example to illustrate the process and the result of a library design using this program.


Subject(s)
Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Computer-Aided Design , Drug Design , Software , Algorithms
9.
Arch Neurol ; 46(3): 261-4, 1989 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2919978

ABSTRACT

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) antigen was assayed in paired serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen from 85 adults and 58 children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and was compared with clinical neurological status. A quantitative comparison of HIV-1 antigen levels in matched serum and CSF specimens indicated that HIV-1 antigen expression in these compartments is independent and is correlated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex in adults and progressive encephalopathy in children. In a longitudinal study (n = 47), 16 patients tested positive for HIV-1 antigen in the CSF before (n = 2) or coincident (n = 14) with neurological deterioration. Six patients who tested positive for HIV-1 antigen in the CSF remained neurologically normal for a median duration of follow-up of 11 months. Six of 25 patients who tested negative for HIV-1 antigen in the CSF, subsequently showed neurological deterioration. These data indicate that HIV-1 antigen expression in the CSF is not useful in predicting neurological deterioration.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/cerebrospinal fluid , HIV Antigens/cerebrospinal fluid , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Brain Diseases/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Dementia/etiology , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Nervous System Diseases/etiology
11.
J Lab Clin Med ; 87(3): 535-43, 1976 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1249481

ABSTRACT

Nonradioactive cesium, as an analogue of potassium, has been used to label autologous red blood cells for determination of the red cell volume in man. The initial and the equilibration concentrations of cesium are assayed by fluorescent excitation analysis (FEA), using a 600 mCi 241Americium source and a Si(Li) detector with a 1024-channel analyzer. Comparative studies with 51Chromium in 13 rabbits showed good correlation, but the intracellular cesium concentration achieved by simple incubation with 2.6 per cent cesium chloride solution was too low to be of practical value in humans. Incubation of the human red blood cells with 50 mug per milliliter of Nystatin in 2.6 per cent cesium chloride opened reversible "pores" in the red cell membrane which permitted high intracellular cesium labeling without demonstrable red cell damage. The cesium red cell volumes in 11 random human subjects differed from the 51Chromium red cell volumes by only 0.2 +/- 4.5 per cent and 2.5 +/- 7.6 per cent at blood sampling times of 10 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively. Blood cesium levels fell with a clearance half-time of 31.5 hours in 4 rabbits, and 2.4 days in 1 normal human. Fluorescent excitation analysis of cesium-labeled autologous red blood cells permits accurate determination of the red cell volume in man without associated patient radiation, thus making the procedure much more acceptable for children, pregnant women, normal volunteers, and for repeated studies in the same individual.


Subject(s)
Blood Volume Determination/methods , Cesium , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Chromium Radioisotopes , Half-Life , Humans
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