Anti-Diabetic Effects of the 80% Methanolic Extract of Datura Stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice.

Background: Managing diabetes mellitus with currently available drugs is costly, and the chances of side effects are high, leading to further studies for new and better medications from plant sources with the affordable and lower side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Datura stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 150mg/kg of STZ. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, five mice per group. Group I was a normal control, Group II was Diabetic negative control, group III was Diabetic positive control, Group IV-VI were Diabetic Mice that treated with extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. After 14th day of treatment the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether. Then, blood was drawn by cardiac puncture to assess TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The extract of D. stramonium reduced the FBG level by 19.71%, 30.27%, 40.95%, and 45.67%, respectively, for D. stramonium 100, 200, 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 14th day of treatment. Diabetic mice treated with D. stramonium for 14 days   showed a significant decrease in serum TC, LDL, and serum TG and a significant increase in body weight, and HDL level as compared to diabetic negative control. Antioxidant activities of the leaves extract were comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 172.79 µg/mL. Conclusion: These findings revealed that the D. stramonium leaves extract possesses significant Anti-diabetic activities.

Metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among epileptic patients at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia; a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic risk factors which are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type2 diabetes. Nowadays, several studies have shown that the burden of metabolic syndrome is increasing among epileptic patients, and leads to MS-associated complications, including cardiovascular disease. However, getting published documents has been limited in Ethiopia and the study area. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the magnitude and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among epileptic patients in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in compression with respective controls. METHODS: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented from June 25 to August 20, 2021. A total of 204 participants with an equal number of cases and controls (n = 102 each) were included. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews and biochemical analyses such as fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were done through the enzymatic technique. The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was determined using both National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation definition criteria. The STATA version 14 was used for statistical data analysis, and a comparison of categorical and continuous variables was done with χ2 and an independent t-test, respectively. The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with metabolic syndrome, and variables having a P-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULT: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the epileptic group was (25.5% in National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and 23.5% in International Diabetes Federation criteria), whereas it was 13.7% in National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and 14.7% in International Diabetes Federation criteria among control groups. According to the International Diabetes Federation criteria, low physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 4.73, 95% CI: 1.08-20.68), taking multiple antiepileptic drugs (adjusted odds ratio = 8.08, 95% CI: 1.52-42.74), having a total cholesterol level of ≥ 200 mg/dl (adjusted odds ratio = 5.81, 95%: 1.32-41.13) and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.16-2.11) were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome among epileptic participants. Applying National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, taking multiple antiepileptic drugs (adjusted odds ratio = 6.81, 95% CI: 1.29-35.92), having a total cholesterol level > 200 mg/dl (adjusted odds ratio = 7.37, 95% CI: 1.32-41.13) and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio = 1.53, 96% CI: 1.16-2.01) were also significantly associated. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among epileptic patients was higher than that of control groups and reaches statistically significant by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Being on multiple antiepileptic drugs, body mass index, having low physical activity and raised total cholesterol were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome among the epileptic group. Therefore, it is better to focus on controlling weight, having sufficient physical exercise, and regular monitoring of total cholesterol levels in epileptic patients.