ABSTRACT
The zygomycetes are saprophytic fungi that rarely cause disease in the normal human host. In immunocompromised individuals, these organisms can cause invasive infections, collectively called mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is associated with a high mortality rate, especially in organ transplant recipients. In this report, we describe the first case of successfully treated mucormycosis involving a pulmonary allograft. Treatment consisted of surgical excision of the affected lobe and chest wall and lipid-complex amphotericin B. The lipid complex formulation permitted a prolonged course of therapy that was likely critical to eradication of the infection.
Subject(s)
Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Heart-Lung Transplantation/adverse effects , Lung Diseases, Fungal/therapy , Mucormycosis/therapy , Pneumonectomy/methods , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/microbiology , Lung/pathology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/etiology , Mucorales/isolation & purification , Mucormycosis/diagnosis , Mucormycosis/etiology , Radiography, Thoracic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer is the fifth-leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It is estimated that 27,000 patients die each year with this diagnosis. The overall five-year survival of patients with pancreatic cancer remains less than 5%, but some subsets of patients may have a better prognosis. Advanced imaging and laparoscopy have improved staging to better select patients for potentially curative surgery, while the operative morbidity and mortality of the Whipple resection have decreased in recent years. Non-surgical therapies in current use include chemotherapy, external-beam radiation therapy, and brachytherapy, as well as pain management. More recently, gene insertion therapy has shown promise in animal models. This review discusses current diagnostic and treatment strategies for these patients and documents the need for new strategies in the future.
Subject(s)
Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy , Biomarkers, Tumor , Brachytherapy , Genetic Therapy , Humans , Palliative Care , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prognosis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A 36-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had incapacitating dysuria and vesical pain secondary to interstitial cystitis. When medical management and suprapubic urinary diversion failed to control the symptoms the patient was started on subarachnoid morphine sulfate. Bupivacaine was added 1 year later via an implanted Therex M-3000 implantable continuous infusion pump, which has continued successfully for more than 18 months. We believe that subarachnoid narcotics and other analgesic agents, such as clonidine, bupivacaine hydrochloride and baclofen, may prove equally valuable in the treatment of bladder spasm and pain. Furthermore, implanted intrathecal ports and pumps may have less associated risk of infection than the percutaneous vascular access catheters presently used for the continuous delivery of medications in immunosuppressed patients.
