ABSTRACT
We present a propagator-resolved 2D exchange spectroscopy technique for observing fluid motion in a porous medium. The susceptibility difference between the matrix and the fluid is exploited to produce an inhomogeneous internal magnetic field, causing the Larmor frequency to change as molecules migrate. We test our method using a randomly packed monodisperse 100 microm diameter glass bead matrix saturated with distilled water. Building upon previous 2D exchange spectroscopy work we add a displacement dimension which allows us to obtain 2D exchange spectra that are defined by both mixing time and spatial displacement rather than by mixing time alone. We also simulate our system using a Monte Carlo process in a random nonpenetrating monodisperse bead pack, finding good agreement with experiment. A simple analytic model is used to interpret the NMR data in terms of a characteristic length scale over which molecules must diffuse to sample the inhomogeneous field distribution.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Algorithms , Computer Simulation , Diffusion , Models, Statistical , PorosityABSTRACT
Multidimensional NMR techniques used in the measurement of molecular displacements, whether by diffusion or advection, and in the measurement of nuclear spin relaxation times are categorised. Fourier-Fourier, Fourier-Laplace and Laplace-Laplace methods are identified, and recent developments discussed in terms of the separation, correlation and exchange perspective of multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.
Subject(s)
Fourier Analysis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Diffusion , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , PorosityABSTRACT
We demonstrate the first two-dimensional correlation NMR (COSY) spectra obtained at ultra low frequencies (ULF) using the Earth's magnetic field. Using a specially developed spectrometer with multiple audio-frequency pulses under controlled pulse phase, we observe magnetisation transfer arising from heteronuclear J-couplings in trifluoroethanol and para-difluorobenzene. The 2D COSY spectra exhibit all diagonal and off-diagonal multiplets consistent with known J-couplings in these molecules.
