Diversidad afectivo-sexual, corporal y de género más allá del binarismo en la formación en ciencias de la salud / Affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity beyond binarism in health sciences education

Los sistemas de salud y la formación de profesionales parten del binarismo de género. En las diferentes etapas del ciclo vital existen situaciones que provocan inequidades, falta de oportunidades y riesgos para la salud de las personas lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, trans e intersex (LGBTI). Este trabajo pretende explorar la necesidad de incluir la diversidad afectivo-sexual, corporal y de género (DASCG) en los currículos de las titulaciones en ciencias de la salud. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica narrativa para identificar recomendaciones basadas en marcos y experiencias internacionales con nuevos enfoques para incorporar la DASCG, además de un análisis crítico de la situación actual acerca de las carencias en la inclusión de la DASCG en las titulaciones en ciencias de la salud. En la actualidad existe una progresiva inclusión de la DASCG en las ciencias de la salud en muchos países, que es considerada fundamental para unas prácticas profesionales éticas y una asistencia y unos cuidados de excelencia. Ofrecemos un resumen de los avances, los debates emergentes y las estrategias docentes para la inclusión de la DASCG en experiencias previas internacionales. Estas experiencias señalan la necesidad de la inclusión de la DASCG, la falta de conocimientos sobre las necesidades específicas de las personas LGBTI y los beneficios de la ruptura con la imposición binaria. Se recomienda aumentar los conocimientos sobre terminología, derechos y desigualdades, y la participación activa de las personas y las comunidades LGBTI. (AU)

Health systems and professional training are based on gender binarism. At different stages of the life cycle, there are situations that cause inequities, lack of opportunities and risks to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people. This work aims to explore the need to include affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity (ASBGD) in the curricula of health sciences degrees. A narrative bibliographic review was performed to identify recommendations based on international frameworks and experiences with new approaches to incorporate ASBGD, as well as a critical analysis of the current situation regarding the deficiencies in the inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences degrees. At present there is a progressive inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences in many countries, which is considered fundamental for ethical professional practices, and excellence in care. We offer a summary of advances, emerging debates and teaching strategies for the inclusion of ASBGD from previous international experiences. These experiences highlight the need for inclusion of ASBGD, the lack of knowledge about specific needs of LGBTI people and the benefits of breaking with the binary imposition. They recommend increasing knowledge about terminology, rights and inequalities, and the active participation of LGBTI people and communities. (AU)

[Affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity beyond binarism in health sciences education]. / Diversidad afectivo-sexual, corporal y de género más allá del binarismo en la formación en ciencias de la salud.

Health systems and professional training are based on gender binarism. At different stages of the life cycle, there are situations that cause inequities, lack of opportunities and risks to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people. This work aims to explore the need to include affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity (ASBGD) in the curricula of health sciences degrees. A narrative bibliographic review was performed to identify recommendations based on international frameworks and experiences with new approaches to incorporate ASBGD, as well as a critical analysis of the current situation regarding the deficiencies in the inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences degrees. At present there is a progressive inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences in many countries, which is considered fundamental for ethical professional practices, and excellence in care. We offer a summary of advances, emerging debates and teaching strategies for the inclusion of ASBGD from previous international experiences. These experiences highlight the need for inclusion of ASBGD, the lack of knowledge about specific needs of LGBTI people and the benefits of breaking with the binary imposition. They recommend increasing knowledge about terminology, rights and inequalities, and the active participation of LGBTI people and communities.

De la razón moral a la de experto: discursos y prácticas sobre la salud en los manuales escolares del franquismo (1936-1975) / Da razão moral à especializada: discursos e práticas sobre saúde nos livros escolares de Franco (1936-1975) / From moral reason to expert reason: discourses and practices on health in Franco's school textbooks (1936-1975)

El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar la cultura de la salud promovida en las escuelas primarias españolas bajo el ideario del régimen franquista (1936-1975). Para ello, hemos indagado en los manuales escolares del periodo, recursos fundamentales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, con los que se trató de modificar la conducta de la población en relación con la salud y la enfermedad. Desde un enfoque etnográfico hemos analizado tanto el discurso sobre las prácticas infantiles, como el ideario de cuerpo y salud promovido. Si bien, disciplina y control social propios del régimen dejaron su impronta en la salud enseñada, las transformaciones sociales y políticas lo fueron modulando hacia una noción de salud menos moralizadora pero más deudora del discurso experto. (AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a cultura da saúde promovida nas escolas primárias espanholas sob a ideologia do regime franquista (1936-1975). Para este fim, investigamos os livros escolares do período, recursos fundamentais no processo ensino-aprendizagem, que foram utilizados para tentar modificar o comportamento da população em relação à saúde e à doença. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica, analisamos tanto o discurso sobre as práticas das crianças quanto à ideologia do corpo e da saúde promovida. Embora a disciplina e o controle social do regime tenham deixado sua marca na saúde ensinada, as transformações sociais e políticas o modulavam no sentido de uma noção menos moralizadora de saúde, mas mais endividada com o discurso dos especialistas. (AU)

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the culture of health promoted in Spanish primary schools under the ideology of the Franco regime (1936-1975). To this end, we have investigated the school textbooks of the period, fundamental resources in the teaching-learning process, which were used to try to modify the behaviour of the population in relation to health and illness. From an ethnographic approach, we have analysed both the discourse on children's practices and the ideology of body and health promoted. Although the regime's own discipline and social control left their mark on the health taught, social and political transformations gradually modulated it towards a less moralising notion of health that was more indebted to expert discourse. (AU)