ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of symptomatic and asymptomatic laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases among the population of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka City and other districts of Bangladesh between April 18 and October 12, 2020. A total of 32 districts outside Dhaka were randomly selected, and one village and one mahalla was selected from each district; 25 mahallas were selected from Dhaka City. From each village or mahalla, 120 households were enrolled through systematic random sampling. Results: A total of 44 865 individuals were interviewed from 10 907 households. The majority (70%, n = 31 488) of the individuals were <40 years of age. Almost half of the individuals (49%, n = 21 888) reported more than four members in their household. It was estimated that 12.6% (n = 160) of the households had one or more severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals, among whom 0.9% (n = 404) of individuals had at least one COVID-19-like symptom, at the national level. The prevalence of COVID-19 in the general population was 6.4%. Among the SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, 87% were asymptomatic. Conclusions: The substantial high number of asymptomatic cases all over Bangladesh suggests that community-level containment and mitigation measures are required to combat COVID-19. Future studies to understand the transmission capability could help to define mitigation and control measures.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of ocular trauma score (OTS) in pediatric open globe injury. DESIGN: A prospective observational study was conducted. METHODS: A total of 210 patients aged 4 to 16 years (mean ± SD age, 9.30 ± 3.29 years) with open globe injury were recruited by nonrandomized purposive sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ocular trauma score variables, including visual acuity (VA), rupture, endophthalmitis, perforating injury, retinal detachment, and afferent pupillary defect, were determined and converted into OTS categories. The final VA in each category was compared with the prognostic outcome. RESULTS: Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to the OTS model, with 30 (14.28%) patients in category 1, 52 (24.77%) patients in category 2, 40 (19.05%) patients in category 3, 40 (19.05%) patients in category 4, and 48 (22.86%) patients in category 5.Forty-three (20.48%) patients had a final VA of 20/40 or greater, all of whom were in category 5. No patients in category 1 could achieve a VA of 20/40 or greater. Of the 35 (16.67%) patients who had no perception of light in follow-up visits, 28 were from category 1 and 7 were from category 2. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular trauma score has good prognostic significance if other interventions such as proper evaluation, early surgery, and proper follow-up can be ensured.
