Subject(s)
Retinal Detachment/surgery , Scleral Buckling/methods , Adult , Cryotherapy , Eye Injuries/complications , Humans , Male , Retina/injuriesABSTRACT
On the basis of a sample of 117 chromosomes, we have demonstrated the multicentric origin of the sickle mutation in Northern Oman. Three major haplotypes coexist: 52.1% Benin (typical and atypicals), 26.7% Arab-India, and 21.4% Bantu. These haplotypes are not autochthonous to Oman but originated elsewhere and arrived in Oman by gene flow. The distribution of haplotypes is in excellent agreement with the historical record, which establishes clear ancient contacts between Oman and sub-Sahara west Africa and explains the presence of the Benin haplotype; contacts with Iraq, Iran, present-day Pakistan, and India explain the presence of the Arab-India haplotype. More recent contacts with East Africa (Zanzibar/Mombasa) explain the presence of the Bantu haplotype. The pattern of the Arab-India haplotype in the populations of the Arabian peninsula reinforces the hypothesis that this particular mutation originated in the Harappa culture or in a nearby population and in addition reveals that the Sassanian Empire might have been the vehicle by which this Indo-European sickle mutation migrated (gene flow) to the present-day Arabian peninsula, including Oman.
Subject(s)
Hemoglobin, Sickle/genetics , Mutation , beta-Thalassemia/epidemiology , beta-Thalassemia/genetics , Humans , Oman/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The authors reviewed the clinical features, diagnostic workup, and management of patients of penetrating orbital injuries with retained organic foreign bodies. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen patients (15 males, 4 females) with penetrating orbital injuries due to organic foreign bodies. RESULTS: The series included 15 (78.9%) males and 4 (21.1%) females who ranged in age from 6 months to 40 years (mean = 14.6 years); 12 (63.2%) patients were younger than 12 years of age. Twelve (63.2%) right and 7 (36.8%) left orbits were involved. Time between injury and presentation varied from a few hours to 9 months. Most common injury site was the superior orbit in 11 (57.9%) patients leading to abnormal extraocular motility (84.2%), proptosis (68.4%), and upper lid ptosis (47.4%). Associated pathologies also included acute cellulitis in 11, orbitocutaneous fistula in 5, and osteomyelitis in 2 patients. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified the foreign bodies in 42% and 57% of the patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preoperative identification of the foreign material in the orbit was found to be very helpful for patient management but was only possible in approximately 50% of our cases with the use of CT and MRI. The vision in our patients usually improved shortly after treatment; the long-term complications more often included extraocular muscle and eyelid motility problems and periorbital scarring.
Subject(s)
Eye Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/diagnosis , Orbit/injuries , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/surgery , Female , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Orbit/pathology , Plant Structures , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Visual AcuitySubject(s)
Cornea/surgery , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Adult , Cornea/pathology , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Corneal Injuries , Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Prosthesis Design , Time Factors , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
The clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological features of a patient with a typical Miller Fisher Syndrome are reported. The patient has shown a unique affection of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. The significance of serial electrophysiological testing particularly blink reflex study is discussed.
Subject(s)
Ophthalmoplegia/diagnosis , Ophthalmoplegia/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Blepharoptosis/complications , Blinking , Electromyography , Female , Functional Laterality , Humans , Middle Aged , Ophthalmoplegia/complications , SyndromeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the results of insertion of low-power or zero-power posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs) after cataract extraction in eyes with high myopia with leaving the eye aphakic. METHODS: The outcome of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with low-power or zero-power PC IOLs in 184 consecutive highly myopic (axial length = 26.0 mm or longer) eyes was compared with 184 consecutive highly myopic eyes receiving ECCE without PC IOLs. Axial length, preoperative visual acuity, age, sex, and follow-up were similar between both groups. RESULTS: In the pseudophakic eyes, there was a statistically significantly better visual outcome (P = 0.006), decreased incidence of posterior capsule opacification (13.6% versus 33.2%, P < 0.01), and decreased requirement for YAG capsulotomy (6.5% versus 17.9%, P < 0.01). There were two retinal detachments in the pseudophakic eyes compared with four in the aphakic eyes. There were no sight-threatening complications in 12 pseudophakic eyes after YAG capsulotomy. There were four sight-threatening complications (2 retinal detachments, 2 cases of uveitis with secondary glaucoma) in 33 aphakic eyes after YAG capsulotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PC IOLs may result in a lower complication rate and better visual outcome after ECCE in eyes with cataract and high myopia.
