ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Lymphomas are the third most common cancer after squamous cell carcinoma and salivary gland tumors. Extranodal diffuse B cell lymphoma (DBCL) represents 30 to 58% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. One of the major problems of DBCL is the high likelihood of disease relapse following treatment. A recent trend in the treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is blockage of an immune checkpoint inhibitor that targets the programmed death of cell ligand 1 receptors (PD-L1). PD-L1 activation results in negative regulatory signals that induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor antigen-specific T cells allowing immune evasion of the tumor.The aim of this aim is to measure the expression level of PD-L1 on oral tissue samples from DLBCL patients using immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This current study was performed at the Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt. Ethical approval was conducted from Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. Tissue samples were collected from 13 patients diagnosed with oral extranodal DLBCL) nongerminal center B cell like subtype. Both hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining (The avidin-biotin-complex procedure) was performed with anti-PD-L1 antibody (clone number: 28-8, Abcam, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States).Cytoplasmic and/or membranous positive intensity was graded as follows: very mild staining, mild staining, moderate staining, and intense staining using Image J, 1.41a (National Institutes of Health, United States) image analysis software. The mean area fraction of the stained cells was calculated by counting immunostained cells in three fields of each case by two pathologists. Data was entered in SPSS program for analysis. RESULTS: PD-L1 was overexpressed on tumor cells of oral extranodal DLBCL than control cells from lesion free areas of oral tissues of the same patient.
ABSTRACT
Rhinoscleroma (RS) is a rare chronic specific progressive granulomatous disease of the upper airway and affect the nasal cavity, larynx, nasopharynx and may spread to the lower respiratory tract. Extra-respiratory involvement has rarely been described. A case report of extra-respiratory RS with oral manifestation in Egyptian female patient has been presented as a tumour extruded from mucosal lining of upper lip. She was living in crowded conditions with malnutrition and poor hygiene. On the first look, the lesion appeared to be carcinoma without any indication of infectious disease, and then patient was prepared for incisional biopsy. Upon clinicopathological evaluation, the diagnosis was made as RS in the granulomatous stage based on the presence of dense plasma cell infiltration with Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies. Long term oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice/day was started as a single treatment. By the end of six weeks antibiotic therapy, the large granulomatous mass reached the cicatricial stage, became very stiff fibrotic mass with sclerotic scar, markedly indurated & significantly decreased in size. This case shows the significant of through clinical examination and lab investigations to achieve correct diagnosis.
