ABSTRACT
Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of common medical complications of pregnancy. Hyperglycemia in utero impairs renal development and produces renal anomalies. Metformin has antioxidant properties and better glycemic control. Aim: assessment insulin and metformin effects on renal development of streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetic albino rats. Sixty virgin female albino rats were used. Once pregnancy confirmed, animals were randomly assigned into control, metformin, diabetic, diabetic plus insulin, diabetic plus metformin and diabetic plus insulin and metformin treated groups. Rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation; fetuses were extracted and weighted. Fetal kidneys were extracted prepared for light, morphometric and electron microscopic examination. Diabetic followed by diabetic plus metformin treated groups revealed retardation of glomerular development in the cortical and Juxtaglomerular zones with a significant increase in the early immature glomerular stages and immature to mature glomerular ratio compared to other groups. Diabetic group also showed morphometric changes, shrunken and empty glomeruli, vacuolar degeneration and hemorrhage. Diabetic plus metformin group showed minimal improvement while diabetic plus insulin and diabetic plus insulin and metformin groups showed developmental, histopathological and morphometric improvement with best results in the combination group. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) possess deleterious effects on fetal kidney development. Insulin improves the glycemic state and decreases GDM effects on fetal kidneys. Metformin produces mild protection while the combination of insulin and metformin produces the best glycemic control and protect fetal kidneys.
ABSTRACT
Diazinon has been reported to produce oxidative stress and adverse effects on many organs. In contrast, propolis components behave as hydrophilic antioxidants. To evaluate the protective effect of propolis on diazinon-induced nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rats, eighty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into four groups: control, diazinon treated, propolis treated and diazinon plus propolis groups. Control group were divided into two subgroups: the first was not given any treatment and the second one received 1.5 ml of sterile distilled water through intra-gastric tube daily for 4 consecutive weeks. The diazinon group was treated with 10 mg/kg through intra-gastric tube, daily for 4 weeks. The propolis group received 50 mg/kg through intra-gastric tube, daily for 4 weeks. The diazinon-plus-propolis group was treated with the same doses as previous groups. Kidneys were removed and processed for haematoxylin and eosin, caspase-3 immunostaining and electron microscopic examination. Renal tissues of diazinon-treated rats showed histopathological and ultrastructural changes such as shrunken glomerulus, hemorrhage, congestion, increased Bowmans space, inflammatory infiltration, degenerated tubules with vacuolated epithelial cell lining, pyknosis and necrotic debris. Rats of the diazinon-plus-propolis group showed a marked reduction in these pathological features. We conclude that propolis can ameliorate the nephrotoxicity induced by diazinon
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Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Propolis/pharmacokinetics , Diazinon/adverse effects , Renal Insufficiency/prevention & control , Disease Models, Animal , Protective Agents/pharmacokinetics , Kidney GlomerulusABSTRACT
Oxidative stress induced by free radicals is known to be a common cause of liver damage and hepatic fibrosis. Anise oil and its compounds have been identified to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrinogenic properties that may play a role in the management of hepatic disorders and promote liver regeneration. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of anise oil on hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in adult male albino rats. Sixty male albino rats were divided into control group, CCL4-treated group that was injected with 1 mg /kg CCL4 intraperitoneally (ip), CCL4+anise oil-treated group that was injected with 1 mg /kg of CCL4 and 0.5 ml/ kg of anise oil (ip), and anise oil-treated group that was injected with 0.5 ml/kg of anise oil. Animals received treatment for 4 weeks and sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration. Livers were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy analysis. The CCL4-treated group revealed loss of normal architecture of hepatic lobules, steatosis, necrosis, cholestasis, portal congestion and progressed grading of lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis. On the other hand, the CCL4 + anise group showed reduced liver damage and increased signs of regeneration. We conclude that anise oil has a protective effect on liver damage caused by CCL4and promotes liver regeneration (AU)
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Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Carbon Tetrachloride/adverse effects , Carbon Tetrachloride/therapeutic use , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/complications , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/veterinary , Oxidative Stress , Pimpinella/adverse effects , Pimpinella/toxicity , Electron Probe Microanalysis/methods , Electron Probe Microanalysis/veterinary , Photomicrography/methodsABSTRACT
Aluminum is widely used in food packaging and additives. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was known to cause maternal toxicity and embryolethality. Previous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant effects of saffron. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of maternal administration of aluminum chloride during the period of embryogenesis on the development of the skeletal system of albino rat fetuses and the protective role of saffron. Twenty four virgin female albino rats were used throughout this study. One male rat was introduced into a cage with two females for mating. Once the pregnancy was confirmed, pregnant rats were divided into the following groups: Control, AlCl3 treated (200 mg/kg) and AlCl3+S treated (AlCl3 200 mg/kg and saffron 200 mg/kg in water extract). Rats received treatments daily from the 6th to 15th day of gestation intragastrically and sacrificed on the 20th day. The fetuses were obtained through Caesarian section, stained with Alizarin red and examined for skeletal development. AlCl3 treated rats showed toxic manifestations and decreased weight gain and their fetuses revealed increased embryolethality and a higher number of bones showed delayed ossification. AlCl3 +S treated animals revealed improvement in maternal weight gain, embryolethality and bone ossification. We conclud that AlCl3 induces delay in bone development, and saffron ameliorates its effects (AU)
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Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Aluminum Compounds/toxicity , Fetal Development , Musculoskeletal System/embryology , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant. Low-level environmental cadmium exposure induced osteoporosis especially in postmenopausal women. Ginger is a strong antioxidant that may play an important role in bone formation. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of cadmium chloride and ginger on osteoporosis induced by bilateral ovariectomy in adult albino rats. Seventy-two adult albino rat females were used in the present study. They were divided into non-operated groups and operated groups. Cadmium chloride was received at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg daily by subcutaneous injection for 8 weeks, and ginger was fed on a diet containing 5% ginger for 8 weeks. Rats were sacrificed; femurs were dissected out, fixed and decalcified. Serial transverse and longitudinal sections from the diaphysis and metaphysis of femurs were stained by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome stainings and examined using light microscopy. Femurs of Cd-treated, ovariectomized non-treated, and ovariectomized +Cd-treated groups showed histological and morphometric osteoporotic changes that were marked and exaggerated in the ovariectomized +Cd-treated group. Whereas Cd+ginger, ovariectomized +Cd+ginger and ovariectomized+ginger treated groups showed less bone resorption, more bone formation, and improvement in bone structure and morphometric parameters compared to other groups. Cadmium chloride exposure is a risk factor for osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women. Ginger effectively ameliorated cadmium and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats, and is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (AU)
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