Trying to be like everybody else: A qualitative study revealing the importance of social contexts and illness representations among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents.

OBJECTIVE: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions in young children and adolescents. During the period of adolescence, young people with diabetes often struggle with self-management and have compromised health-related quality of life. This often leads to familial conflicts affecting all family members negatively. The aim of this study is to provide qualitative insight into the everyday life of families with adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: The data consisted of participatory family workshops conducted using interactive dialogue tools. The total number of participants was 33 (adolescents n = 13, parents n = 20). The adolescents were between 15 and 17 years. The data were analyzed using systematic text condensation. RESULTS: The results showed two main themes. The first theme, Diabetes-friendly and unfriendly social contexts, highlighted how the (dis)comfortability of disclosing diabetes was a significant factor in achieving optimal metabolic control. For parents, it affected their perception of social support. The second theme, incongruent illness representations among family members, dealt with the extended family conflict during the period of adolescence. DISCUSSION: Insights from our study could help healthcare professionals apply a family-centered approach minimizing family conflict and supporting metabolic control when consulting families with adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria: Isolation from clinical samples in Iraq.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), defined as any mycobacterial strain other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, are a diverse group of pathogens that cause a substantive, but often unappreciated worldwide burden of illness. NTM cause illness similar to M. tuberculosis, but generally do not respond to classic tuberculosis (TB) drug regimens. Here, we evaluated GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS (Hain Lifesciences) for rapid identification of NTM and compared its results with those of other biochemical tests. METHODS: During the study interval from February 2015 to August 2015, samples were tested by GenoType Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) for differentiation of MTB complex, and NTM isolates obtained from patients were analyzed with the GenoType Mycobacterium CM assays for common mycobacteria. RESULTS: All samples tested were M. tuberculosis (typical), except samples from sputum that was negative according to Geno Type MTBC results. All isolates were analyzed with the Geno Type Mycobacterium CM (for common mycobacteria) assays, which correctly identified the species as Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium simiae. CONCLUSION: GenoType testing of Mycobacteria species using GenoType MTBC and GenoType Mycobacterium CM constitutes a reliable, rapid, simple, and easy-to-interpret assay. Moreover, it appears suitable for use in our region, since it identified all mycobacterial species.