ABSTRACT
The increase in the number of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics poses a serious clinical problem that threatens the health of humans worldwide. Nadifloxacin (1) is a highly potent antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity. However, its poor aqueous solubility has limited its use to topical applications. To increase its solubility, it was glycosylated herein to form a range of trans-linked (3a-e) and cis-linked (7a,b) glycosides, each of which was prepared and purified to afford single anomers. The seven glycoside derivatives (3a-e, 7a,b) were examined for potency against eight strains of S. aureus, four of which were methicillin-resistant. Although less potent than free nadifloxacin (1), the α-L-arabinofuransoside (3a) was effective against all strains that were tested (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1-8 µg/mL compared to 0.1-0.25 µg/mL for nadifloxacin), demonstrating the potential of this glycoside as an antibacterial agent. Estimation of Log P as well as observations made during preparation of these compounds reveal that the solubilities of the glycosides were greatly improved compared with nadifloxacin (1), raising the prospect of its use in oral applications.
Subject(s)
Fluoroquinolones , QuinolizinesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: Clinical response evaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer could include various imaging methods, as well as clinical breast exam (CBE). We assessed the accuracy of CBE and imaging to predict pathologic response after NACT administration according to breast cancer subtype. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 84 patients with records of NACT and subsequent primary breast surgery from 2003-2013. Patients were divided into 4 breast cancer subtypes according to hormone receptor (HR) status and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status. Negative predictive value (NPV), false-negative rate (FNR), false-positive rate (FPR) and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated for CBE and imaging post-NACT and prior to breast cancer surgery. RESULTS: NPV, FNR, FPR and PPV varied by breast cancer subtype and clinical response evaluation method. Imaging resulted in a higher NPV and a lower FNR than CBE among the entire cohort. There was a lower FPR with CBE. Clinical response evaluation by CBE was highly accurate for predicting pathologic residual disease in HR+ tumors (CBE PPV: 95.5% in HR+HER2-, 100.0% in HR+HER2+). In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the imaging NPV was 100% and the imaging FNR was 0%. CONCLUSION: The use of imaging in HR+ tumors post-NACT may provide little to no additional value that is not already garnered by performance of a CBE. For TNBC, imaging may play a critical role in the prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) post-NACT.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Physical Examination , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
A national outbreak of Serratia marcescens bacteremia because of contaminated prefilled heparin and saline syringes led to their recall. We evaluated the clinical impact of this outbreak in 57 patients at 3 centers. All patients were symptomatic and were treated with intravenous antibiotics with a fatal outcome in 1 patient.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Contamination , Serratia Infections/epidemiology , Serratia marcescens/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/microbiology , Child , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/microbiology , Female , Heparin , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Serratia Infections/drug therapy , Serratia Infections/microbiology , Sodium Chloride , Syringes/microbiology , Treatment Outcome , United States/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Composite lymphomas constitute the presence of two different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the same anatomic site. We report an unusual case of a 73-year-old woman who initially presented with a composite lymphoma of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and follicular lymphoma. After 5 years of follow-up and intermittent treatment, she developed Hodgkin disease with diffuse liver involvement. Biopsy of the liver showed Reed-Sternberg cells with typical morphology and immunophenotype. While fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses for t(14;18) were positive in the lymph node tissue with follicular lymphoma, we were unable to show the same in the liver biopsy specimen. Here, we describe the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic features of this unusual composite lymphoma case involving CLL and follicular lymphoma, with the subsequent development of a Hodgkin lymphoma.
