ABSTRACT
A novel in situ customizable osteosynthesis technique, Bonevolent™ AdhFix, demonstrates promising biomechanical properties under the expertise of a single trained operator. This study assesses inter- and intra-surgeon biomechanical variability and usability of the AdhFix osteosynthesis platform. Six surgeons conducted ten osteosyntheses on a synthetic bone fracture model after reviewing an instruction manual and completing one supervised osteosynthesis. Samples underwent 4-point bending tests at a quasi-static loading rate, and the maximum bending moment (BM), bending stiffness (BS), and AdhFix cross-sectional area (CSA: mm²) were evaluated. All constructs exhibited a consistent appearance and were suitable for biomechanical testing. The mean BM was 2.64 ± 0.57 Nm, and the mean BS was 4.35 ± 0.44 Nm/mm. Statistically significant differences were observed among the six surgeons in BM (p < 0.001) and BS (p = 0.004). Throughout ten trials, only one surgeon demonstrated a significant improvement in BM (p < 0.025), and another showed a significant improvement in BS (p < 0.01). A larger CSA corresponded to a statistically significantly higher value for BM (p < 0.001) but not for BS (p = 0.594). In conclusion, this study found consistent biomechanical stability both across and within the surgeons included, suggesting that the AdhFix osteosynthesis platform can be learned and applied with minimal training and, therefore, might be a clinically viable fracture fixation technique. The variability in BM and BS observed is not expected to have a clinical impact, but future clinical studies are warranted.
ABSTRACT
Pyrimidine-hydrazone and phosphole architectures have been combined to create a new heteroditopic ligand capable of forming heterobimetallic ZnII/PdII, PbII/PdII and CuII/PdII complexes in high yielding stepwise or one pot reactions. The catalytic activity of these complexes in Heck coupling and Miyaura borylation reactions was investigated.
