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Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 60(4): 2336-42, 2016 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26833158

ABSTRACT

Voriconazole is the agent of choice for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in children at least 2 years of age. The galactomannan index is a routinely used diagnostic marker for invasive aspergillosis and can be useful for following the clinical response to antifungal treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) mathematical model that links the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole with the galactomannan readout in children. Twelve children receiving voriconazole for treatment of proven, probable, and possible invasive fungal infections were studied. A previously published population PK model was used as the Bayesian prior. The PK-PD model was used to estimate the average area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in each patient and the resultant galactomannan-time profile. The relationship between the ratio of the AUC to the concentration of voriconazole that induced half maximal killing (AUC/EC50) and the terminal galactomannan level was determined. The voriconazole concentration-time and galactomannan-time profiles were both highly variable. Despite this variability, the fit of the PK-PD model was good, enabling both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to be described in individual children. (AUC/EC50)/15.4 predicted terminal galactomannan (P= 0.003), and a ratio of >6 suggested a lower terminal galactomannan level (P= 0.07). The construction of linked PK-PD models is the first step in developing control software that enables not only individualized voriconazole dosages but also individualized concentration targets to achieve suppression of galactomannan levels in a timely and optimally precise manner. Controlling galactomannan levels is a first critical step to maximizing clinical response and survival.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacokinetics , Aspergillosis/drug therapy , Aspergillus fumigatus/drug effects , Fungal Polysaccharides/analysis , Mannans/analysis , Voriconazole/pharmacokinetics , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Antifungal Agents/blood , Area Under Curve , Aspergillosis/blood , Aspergillosis/microbiology , Aspergillus fumigatus/growth & development , Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolism , Biomarkers/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Computer Simulation , Drug Monitoring , Female , Galactose/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Models, Statistical , Precision Medicine , Voriconazole/administration & dosage , Voriconazole/blood
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