ABSTRACT
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Nitrogen fertilizer causes adverse effects on the environment aspect, so biological nitrogen sources should be applied in agriculture. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of N<sub>2</sub>-fixing rhizospheric bacteria in improving soil fertility, nitrogen (N) uptake, growth and yield of green soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The pot experiment was conducted with 9 treatments (i) 100% N of recommendation of fertilizer formula (RFF), (ii) 85% N, (iii) 70% N, (iv) 55% N, (v) 85% N and a mixture of <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> ASD-07 and ASD-28, (vi) 70% N and a mixture of ASD-07 and ASD-28, (vii) 55% N and a mixture of ASD-07 and ASD-28, (viii) 0% N and ASD-07 and ASD-28, and (ix) 0% N, without bacteria<i>,</i> with four replications in in-dyke alluvial soil collected from Chau Phu District, An Giang Province. <b>Results:</b> The use of a mixture of the two N<sub>2</sub>-fixing rhizospheric strains<i> </i>as biofertilizers at 85% N level improved NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> content and N uptake with an increase of 3.1 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> and 95.8 mg pot<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively. They also produced higher values in growth including plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and yield components including pod number, pod diameter, seed length, seed diameter and seed thickness. <b>Conclusion:</b> The application of a mixture of the two N<sub>2</sub>-fixing rhizospheric strains resulted in replacing 15% N of RFF, but it still improved the yield.
Subject(s)
Glycine max , Soil , Bacteria , Fertilizers/microbiology , NitrogenABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of anxiety are one of the most prevalent emotional responses in women during their reproductive phase and especially during pregnancy. Objective: Estimate the incidence and prevalence of anxiety throughout the three trimesters of pregnancy in addition to studying the possible risk factors associated with anxiety symptoms. Method: A sample of 385 pregnant women participated in a longitudinal study in which the GAD-7 questionnaire was used. Results: Anxiety prevalence was 19.5% in the first trimester. In the second trimester, it was 16.8%, with an incidence of 0.048%. In the third trimester, it was 17.2%, with an incidence of 0.068%. The following predictive factors of anxiety symptoms were identified: being a smoker, presence of previous illness and changes in social relationships. Conclusions: High incidence and prevalence of anxiety symptoms occur during pregnancy; consequently, applicable preventive policies should be developed
ANTECEDENTES: Los síntomas de ansiedad son una de las respuestas emocionales más prevalentes en las mujeres durante su fase reproductiva y especialmente en el embarazo. Objetivo: estimar la incidencia y prevalencia de la ansiedad a lo largo de los tres trimestres del embarazo además de estudiar los posibles factores de riesgo asociados a los síntomas de ansiedad. Método: una muestra de 385 gestantes participaron en un estudio longitudinal en el que se utilizó el cuestionario GAD-7. Resultados: la prevalencia fue de 19,5% en el primer trimestre. En el segundo trimestre fue de 16,8%, y una incidencia de 0.048%. En el tercer trimestre fue de 17,2%, y la incidencia de 0.068%. Como factores predictores de los síntomas de ansiedad se han encontrado: ser fumadora, la presencia de enfermedades previas y cambios en las relaciones sociales. Conclusiones: durante el embarazo aparecen unas altas tasas de incidencia y prevalencia en los síntomas de ansiedad, por lo que se deberían desarrollar políticas preventivas al respecto
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Incidence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Prenatal depression is a major public health problem that is barely treated. Based on existing literature, depression during this period is associated with negative consequences for the mother and the baby. Therefore it is important to make an adequate screening in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the discriminant validity and cut-off of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) as a screening tool to identify the depression in pregnant women living in Spain. METHODS: The sample included 1,019 female participants, aged between 19 and 45 years, who participated voluntarily, and received prenatal care during the first trimester. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, PHQ-2 andPHQ-9. The research has been developed within the Obstetrics and Gynecology department at two public hospitals in two different Spanish Regions. The research was conducted between 2014 and 2016 performing a ROC curve analysis to determine the discriminative capacity and cut-off for PHQ-2. RESULTS: 11,1 % out of 1019 participants were diagnosed with depression. The area under the curve of PHQ-2 was 0,84 p smaller than 0,001. With the cutoff 2 the sensitivity and specificity of 85,4 % and 79,5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A score Equal or greater than 2 is an appropriate cut-off in PHQ-2 to detect depression during pregnancy. The use of PHQ-2 could precede PHQ-9 as a brief screening tool for antenatal depression in obstetric settings.
OBJETIVO: La depresión prenatal es un importante problema de salud pública que apenas recibe tratamiento. La depresión durante este período está asociada con consecuencias negativas tanto para la madre como para el bebé. Por ello, es importante realizar un cribado adecuado en mujeres embarazadas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la capacidad discriminativa y el punto de corte del cuestionario PHQ-2 como primer instrumento de cribado para identificar la depresión en mujeres embarazadas que viven en España. METODOS: Participaron voluntariamente 1.019 mujeres, de edad comprendida entre los 19 y los 45 años, que acudieron a revisión obstétrica en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Las participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y los cuestionarios PHQ9 y PHQ2. La investigación fue desarrollada en dos hospitales públicos de dos comunidades autónomas diferentes. Se llevó a cabo entre los años 2014 y 2016. Se realizó un análisis con curva ROC para determinar la capacidad discriminativa y el punto de corte del PHQ-2. RESULTADOS: De las 1.019 participantes el 11,1% fueron diagnosticadas de depresión. El área bajo la curva del PHQ2 fue de 0,84 p menor que 0,001. Con el punto de corte de 2 la sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 85,4% y 79,5% respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La puntuación de corte mayor o igual 2 es adecuada para la discriminación de la depresión durante el embarazo mediante el cuestionario PHQ2 y podría servir como cribado previo al PHQ-9.
Subject(s)
Depression/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Prenatal Care/methods , Primary Health Care/methods , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Adult , Depression/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
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