ORCA-EFCD consensus report on clinical recommendation for caries diagnosis. Paper I: caries lesion detection and depth assessment.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present consensus paper was to provide recommendations for clinical practice considering the use of visual examination, dental radiography and adjunct methods for primary caries detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The executive councils of the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) nominated ten experts each to join the expert panel. The steering committee formed three work groups that were asked to provide recommendations on (1) caries detection and diagnostic methods, (2) caries activity assessment and (3) forming individualised caries diagnoses. The experts responsible for "caries detection and diagnostic methods" searched and evaluated the relevant literature, drafted this manuscript and made provisional consensus recommendations. These recommendations were discussed and refined during the structured process in the whole work group. Finally, the agreement for each recommendation was determined using an anonymous Delphi survey. RESULTS: Recommendations (N = 8) were approved and agreed upon by the whole expert panel: visual examination (N = 3), dental radiography (N = 3) and additional diagnostic methods (N = 2). While the quality of evidence was found to be heterogeneous, all recommendations were agreed upon by the expert panel. CONCLUSION: Visual examination is recommended as the first-choice method for the detection and assessment of caries lesions on accessible surfaces. Intraoral radiography, preferably bitewing, is recommended as an additional method. Adjunct, non-ionising radiation methods might also be useful in certain clinical situations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The expert panel merged evidence from the scientific literature with practical considerations and provided recommendations for their use in daily dental practice.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tooth Erosion in 8 -12-Year-Old Brazilian Schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the prevalence, distribution and associated factors of tooth erosion in Brazilian schoolchildren. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a representative sample of children aged 8-12-years-old from public and private schools. Six calibrated examiners assessed tooth erosion (O'Sullivan index) and other oral conditions (dental trauma, enamel defects, plaque, dental caries and dental crowding). Socio-demographic and behavioral data were collected using questionnaires. Interviews were conducted in children and in parents. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression model considering the cluster sample (Prevalence Ratio-PR; 95% Confidence Interval-CI). RESULTS: A total of 1,210 children participated and were examined. Tooth erosion was observed in 25.1% of the children. Lesions were mostly observed in enamel and less than a half of the buccal surface was affected. The type of school and age were significant associated with higher prevalence of tooth erosion and dental crowding was associated with less probability of tooth erosion significantly. Acidic food or drinks were not associated with dental erosion. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tooth erosion in the studied population was high. Erosive lesions were not severe, confined in enamel. Tooth erosion was associated with age, type of school, socioeconomic level and dental crowding.