ABSTRACT
We herein reported the preparation of an eco-friendly aqueous yellow ceramic ink and subsequent examination of its printability for ink-jet printing applications. For this purpose, a water based ceramic ink was formulated using ceramic pigments to give a clear color during high-temperature heat treatment (>1000 °C), ultimately yielding an ink suitable for application in ceramic tile decoration. To improve the low dispersion stability of the aqueous ceramic ink compared to that of a conventional organic solvent-based ceramic ink, the pigment particles were dispersed using a graft polymer. More specifically, this graft polymer was composed of polyacrylic acid as the main chain to provide electrostatic repulsion and grafted poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate as the side chain to provide steric hindrance. Furthermore, additive-induced foaming issues were significantly reduced through the use of this graft polymer as a surfactant. The effects of the rheological properties of the prepared ceramic ink and the subsequent operation conditions of the piezoelectric print head were then investigated in detail to optimize the ink jettability and printability.
ABSTRACT
A molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the structural and transport properties of a (Ba0.5-xSrx)La0.5InO3-δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) oxygen ion conductor. Previous studies reported that the ionic conductivity of Ba-doped LaInO3 decreases because Ba dopant forms a narrow oxygen path in the lattice, which could hinder the diffusion of oxygen ions. In this study, we reveal the mechanism to improve ionic conductivity by Ba and Sr co-doping on an La site in LaInO3 perovskite oxide. The results show that the ionic conductivity of (Ba0.5-xSrx)La0.5InO3-δ increases with an increasing number of Sr ions because oxygen diffusion paths which contain Sr ions have a larger critical radius than those containing Ba ions. The radial distribution function (RDF) calculations show that the peak heights in compositions including Sr ions were lower and broadened, meaning that the oxygen ions moved easily into other oxygen sites.
ABSTRACT
Accidental genital trauma is most commonly caused by straddle-type injuries and is usually treatable by nonoperative management, and most of the injuries have a good prognosis. When the bleeding occurred due to straddle injury in adolescent girl, experienced gynecological examination and treatment were very important. We experienced a case of straddle injury to the posterior fourchette that caused acute hematocolpos due to delayed adequate treatment with hypotension and acute abdomen in an adolescent girl. This case shows the importance of careful and accurate physical and gynecological examination and adequate and prompt treatment of genital trauma in adolescent girls.
ABSTRACT
The oxygen ion conduction behavior of an orthorhombic perovskite oxide Ba-doped LaInO3 was evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation. Comparative calculations for cubic and the orthorhombic models show that the orthorhombic model was in better agreement with the experimental results with respect to both ionic conductivity and activation energy. The results of the radial distribution function for O-O pair provided and explanation for why the ionic conductivity of cubic perovskite is higher than that of orthorhombic perovskite. The orthorhombic model has a higher peak intensity of O-O pair than the cubic model, it means that the orthorhombic model has a smaller number of oxygen-vacancy pairs in the lattice structure. Consequently, the ionic conductivity of orthorhombic perovskite is lower than that of cubic perovskite due to less conduction path.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effects of specific surface area to the photocurrent conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC), we adopted TiO2 aerogel (TA)/nanoparticle (TP) composite as a photoelectrode. We prepared three types of photoelectrodes, TPs, TAs, and TATPs (1:1 TAs and TPs composite photoelectrode). The performance of TATP composite electrode was compared with that of TP and TAs. TATPs showed the improved cell efficiency, more than 0.5%, compared with a reference TPs below 15 micrometer thickness. Although the introduction of TAs increases the specific surface area for the dye adsorption, DSC composed of only TAs does not show the best efficiency result due to the crack generation. In conclusion, to produce the best photocurrent conversion efficiency, the high specific surface area of TiO2 photoelectrode for high dye adsorption should be balanced with proper control of the good electron transfer path.
