ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Exercise effectively enhances physiological adaptation, performance, and health-related markers in healthy individuals and diseased populations. However, the type and amount of optimal exercise remain controversial. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) took the top spot in the American College of Sports Medicine worldwide survey on fitness trends in 2018. METHODS: We review information on the effect of HIIT on physiological adaptation and the novel role on brain functions. RESULTS: HIIT is a more cost-effective way to improve physiological adaptations with aerobic capacity, and it also enhances brain functions such as hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. CONCLUSION: In this review, we provide insight on the utility of HIIT in improving performance and highlight suggestions for future research.
