Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of Organized Crime in Mexico: A Systematic Review.

In 2007, Mexico implemented a strategy to combat drug trafficking through military intervention, after which a significant increase in homicides, mainly among young men, was observed and linked to structural problems as well as organized crime, especially the recruitment of youth, with adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Through a systematic review of the literature from 2013 to 2022, we have compiled the reported factors influencing the recruitment of adolescents by organized crime in Mexico and conducted a metasynthesis of the data according to the multiple levels that affect adolescents: individual, family, community, cultural, and social. This research has shown that many of the factors reported are interrelated and need to be studied holistically. In addition, many of the factors are common to other forms of juvenile delinquency, but the main difference is the presence of organized crime itself in the community and culture.

[Design of the evaluation of the socio-educational groups for men in primary care]. / Diseño de la evaluación de los grupos socioeducativos para hombres en atención primaria.

The Public Health System of Andalusia develops the Socio-Educational Groups Strategy (GRUSE), focused on promoting the health and emotional well-being of those who present somatic symptoms without organic cause in primary care health centers. This intervention began with groups of women and has been extended to groups of men, after verifying that the unemployment caused by the economic crisis, generated discomfort due to the loss of the "productive role". A mixed methodology research has been designed to measure the effects of GRUSE in male participants. The quantitative design has longitudinal and quasi-experimental section, in which a battery of scales are used as instruments for collecting information. The qualitative design includes semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The objective of this article is to present the design of the research, with which it is expected to collect evidence of the impact of the intervention.

Diseño de la evaluación de los grupos socioeducativos para hombres en atención primaria / Design of the evaluation of the socio-educational groups for men in primary care

El Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía desarrolla la Estrategia Grupos Socioeducativos (GRUSE), enfocada a la promoción de la salud y del bienestar emocional de quienes presentan síntomas somáticos sin causa orgánica en los centros de salud de atención primaria. Esta intervención comenzó con grupos de mujeres y se ha ampliado a grupos de hombres, tras comprobar que el desempleo provocado por la crisis económica generaba malestares por la pérdida del «rol productivo». Se ha diseñado una investigación con metodología mixta para medir los efectos de los GRUSE en los hombres participantes. El diseño cuantitativo tiene corte longitudinal y cuasiexperimental, y se usa una batería de escalas como instrumentos de recogida de la información. El diseño cualitativo contempla la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el diseño de la investigación, con la que se espera recoger evidencias del impacto de la intervención. (AU)

The Public Health System of Andalusia develops the Socio-Educational Groups Strategy (GRUSE), focused on promoting the health and emotional well-being of those who present somatic symptoms without organic cause in primary care health centers. This intervention began with groups of women and has been extended to groups of men, after verifying that the unemployment caused by the economic crisis, generated discomfort due to the loss of the “productive role”. A mixed methodology research has been designed to measure the effects of GRUSE in male participants. The quantitative design has longitudinal and quasi-experimental section, in which a battery of scales are used as instruments for collecting information. The qualitative design includes semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The objective of this article is to present the design of the research, with which it is expected to collect evidence of the impact of the intervention. (AU)

Impacto de los grupos socioeducativos de atención primaria en la salud mental de las mujeres / Impact of primary care socio-educational groups in mental health of women

Objetivo: Presentar parte de los resultados de la evaluación de esta estrategia. Método: Diseño longitudinal (pre-post) y cuasiexperimental (grupo experimental y control), recogiendo información de 228 mujeres (114 en cada grupo) en cuatro momentos (un mes antes del programa, al mes de finalizarlo, a los 6 meses y al año y medio). Entre los instrumentos utilizados se encuentran la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión y la Escala de Autoestima. Resultados: Las mujeres del grupo experimental reducen sus síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, y mejoran su autoestima, tras participar en el programa, y esta mejoría se mantiene hasta un año y medio después de finalizarlo. Por el contrario, las mujeres del grupo control no presentan diferencias pre-post en casi ninguna de las variables analizadas (salvo en los síntomas de ansiedad). Conclusión: Estos resultados apoyan los GRUSE como intervención no medicalizadora, y se considera que pueden servir como estímulo para mantener la estrategia e incluso extenderla a otros grupos de población que también experimenten malestar psicosocial. (AU)

Objective: To present part of the results of the evaluation of this strategy. Method: Longitudinal (pre-post) and quasi-experimental (experimental and control group) design, collecting information from 228 women (114 each group) in four moments (one month before the program; one month after the end of the program; six months and a year and a half). Among the instruments used are the Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Women in the experimental group reduce their symptoms of depression and anxiety and improve their self-esteem after participating in the program, and this improvement is maintained until a year and a half after the end of it. On the contrary, women in the control group do not present pre-post differences in almost none of the variables analyzed (except in anxiety symptoms). Conclusion: These results support GRUSE as a non-medical intervention, and it is considered that they can serve as a stimulus to maintain the strategy and even extend it to other population groups that also experience psychosocial discomfort. (AU)

Percepción de profesionales de la salud sobre la intervención grupal socioeducativa con mujeres que presentan síntomas somáticos sin causa orgánica / Health professionals’ perception about the socio-educational group intervention with women who present somatic symptoms without organic cause

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción y opinión de profesionales de la salud de Atención Primaria sobre el impacto de la intervención grupal socioeducativa (GRUSE) no medicalizadora con mujeres que presentan síntomas somáticos sin causa orgánica. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Emplazamiento: Centros de salud de atención primaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, durante los años 2017 y 2018. Participantes o contextos: Se incluyó a 24 profesionales del ámbito de la salud, seleccionados según su nivel de implicación en la estrategia GRUSE (grupos socioeducativos). Método: Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa, a través del método fenomenológico. La técnica empleada para recopilar la información es el grupo de discusión, sobre el que se realizó un análisis de contenido. El software Atlas.ti 8.0 se empleó como recurso de apoyo al análisis. Resultados: Los profesionales ponen en valor el trabajo de grupo como medio para provocar cambios y refieren la importancia de la intervención como estrategia no medicalizadora. Perciben que las participantes obtienen una serie de beneficios: mejora de su bienestar personal, aumento de su autoestima y autodeterminación y la generación de redes sociales, beneficios que repercuten igualmente en su entorno más inmediato. Conclusiones: En opinión de los profesionales, la estrategia tiene efectos positivos en las mujeres y no supone un incremento de los recursos para el sistema sanitario. Además, manifiestan la importancia de dotar a las mujeres de herramientas para el afrontamiento de problemas de la vida cotidiana, que derivan, en muchas de las ocasiones, de los mandatos de género predominantes en la sociedad patriarcal.(AU)

Objective: To know the perception and opinion of primary care health professionals on the impact of non-medicalizing group educational intervention (GRUSE) with women who present somatic symptoms without organic cause. Design: Qualitative phenomenological study. Setting: Primary care health centers in Andalusia, during 2017 and 2018. Participants and/or contexts: Twenty-four health professionals, selected according to their level of involvement in the GRUSE strategy (socio-educational groups). Method: A qualitative methodology is applied, through the phenomenological method. The technique used to collect the information is the discussion group, and a content analysis is carried out on it. The software Atlas.ti 8.0 is used as a support resource for the analysis. Results: Health professionals highlight group work as a means of achieving change, and point to the importance of intervention as a non-medicalizing strategy. They perceive that the participants obtain some benefits: the improvement of their personal well-being, the increase of their self-esteem and self-determination, and the generation of social networks, benefits that also affect their immediate surroundings. Conclusions: In the opinion of the professionals, the strategy has positive effects on women and does not mean an increase in resources for the health system. In addition, they express the importance of provide women with tools to cope with daily life problems derivates mostly from gender mandates of a patriarchal society.(AU)

[Health professionals' perception about the socio-educational group intervention with women who present somatic symptoms without organic cause]. / Percepción de profesionales de la salud sobre la intervención grupal socioeducativa con mujeres que presentan síntomas somáticos sin causa orgánica.

OBJECTIVE: To know the perception and opinion of primary care health professionals on the impact of non-medicalizing group educational intervention (GRUSE) with women who present somatic symptoms without organic cause. DESIGN: Qualitative phenomenological study. SETTING: Primary care health centers in Andalusia, during 2017 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS AND/OR CONTEXTS: Twenty-four health professionals, selected according to their level of involvement in the GRUSE strategy (socio-educational groups). METHOD: A qualitative methodology is applied, through the phenomenological method. The technique used to collect the information is the discussion group, and a content analysis is carried out on it. The software Atlas.ti 8.0 is used as a support resource for the analysis. RESULTS: Health professionals highlight group work as a means of achieving change, and point to the importance of intervention as a non-medicalizing strategy. They perceive that the participants obtain some benefits: the improvement of their personal well-being, the increase of their self-esteem and self-determination, and the generation of social networks, benefits that also affect their immediate surroundings. CONCLUSIONS: In the opinion of the professionals, the strategy has positive effects on women and does not mean an increase in resources for the health system. In addition, they express the importance of provide women with tools to cope with daily life problems derivates mostly from gender mandates of a patriarchal society.

[Impact of primary care socio-educational groups in mental health of women]. / Impacto de los grupos socioeducativos de atención primaria en la salud mental de las mujeres.

OBJECTIVE: To present part of the results of the evaluation of this strategy. METHOD: Longitudinal (pre-post) and quasi-experimental (experimental and control group) design, collecting information from 228 women (114 each group) in four moments (one month before the program; one month after the end of the program; six months and a year and a half). Among the instruments used are the Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS: Women in the experimental group reduce their symptoms of depression and anxiety and improve their self-esteem after participating in the program, and this improvement is maintained until a year and a half after the end of it. On the contrary, women in the control group do not present pre-post differences in almost none of the variables analyzed (except in anxiety symptoms). CONCLUSION: These results support GRUSE as a non-medical intervention, and it is considered that they can serve as a stimulus to maintain the strategy and even extend it to other population groups that also experience psychosocial discomfort.

Women Victims of the Armed Conflict. Analysis of their Reparation within the Framework of Law 1448 of 2011 / Mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado. análisis de su reparación en el marco de la ley 1448 de 2011

RESUMEN Con el fin reflexionar sobre el impacto que ha tenido el enfoque de género consagrado en la Ley 1448 de 2001, cuyo propósito es reparar a las víctimas del conflicto armado interno, el presente artículo desarrollará algunos apuntes respecto a las experiencias de un grupo de mujeres víctimas, y de un grupo de funcionarios/as públicos, líderes sociales y ONG. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, con entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad y talleres de trabajo con diferentes actores. El análisis conlleva a identificar algunos elementos clave que empañan los éxitos legislativos y jurisprudenciales que ha logrado el Estado colombiano en materia de reparación con enfoque de género. Los resultados indican la necesidad de ir más allá del género, como categoría diferenciadora, para lograr una mayor efectividad en la reparación propuesta a las víctimas.

ABSTRACT The gender approach is enshrined in Law 1448 of 2011. With this law, the Colombian State seeks to provide reparation to the victims of the internal armed conflict. In this article we will reflect on its impact on a group of victims women, and the appraisals of its applicability, according to the experience of a group of public officials, social leaders and NGOs. The methodology used to collect the information has been qualitative, through semi-structured in-depth interviews and workshops with different actors. analysis leads to identify some key elements that obscure the legislative and jurisprudential successes that de Colombian State has achieved in terms of reparation with a gender approach. The results indicate the need to go beyond gender as a differentiating category, to achieve greater effectiveness in the reparation proposed to the victims.

La desmedicalización de la vida cotidiana de las mujeres: los grupos socioeducativos en el Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz / The demedicalisation of women's daily lives: socio-educational groups in the Andalusian Public Health System

Los grupos socioeducativos (GRUSE) constituyen una estrategia de promoción de la salud y el bienestar emocional desde un enfoque de salud positiva basada en activos. Mayoritariamente se dirigen a mujeres que acuden a los centros de salud con signos de malestar para los que no se encuentra base orgánica. La estrategia se evalúa mediante un diseño longitudinal y cuasi-experimental, con metodología mixta. Se ha recogido información de 228 mujeres con una batería de escalas y el análisis de bases de datos del sistema sanitario. Se han realizado 10 entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres y tres grupos de discusión con profesionales. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la estrategia GRUSE como intervención alternativa no medicalizadora y presentar el diseño de la investigación, con la que se espera identificar las evidencias de esta práctica implantada en los centros de salud de atención primaria de Andalucía

The socio-educational groups (GRUSE) are a health and emotional well-being promotion strategy, from an asset-based positive health approach. They principally target women who attend health centres with signs of discomfort with no organic basis finding. The strategy was evaluated through a quasi-experimental longitudinal design, with a mixed methodology. Information was collected from 228 women with a battery of scales and from an analysis of health system databases. Ten in-depth interviews with women were conducted, and 3 discussion groups with professionals. The aim of this article was to introduce the GRUSE strategy as a non-medical alternative intervention and to present the research design, seeking to identify the evidence of this practice implemented in primary health centres of Andalusia (Spain)

[The demedicalisation of women's daily lives: socio-educational groups in the Andalusian Public Health System]. / La desmedicalización de la vida cotidiana de las mujeres: los grupos socioeducativos en el Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz.

The socio-educational groups (GRUSE) are a health and emotional well-being promotion strategy, from an asset-based positive health approach. They principally target women who attend health centres with signs of discomfort with no organic basis finding. The strategy was evaluated through a quasi-experimental longitudinal design, with a mixed methodology. Information was collected from 228 women with a battery of scales and from an analysis of health system databases. Ten in-depth interviews with women were conducted, and 3 discussion groups with professionals. The aim of this article was to introduce the GRUSE strategy as a non-medical alternative intervention and to present the research design, seeking to identify the evidence of this practice implemented in primary health centres of Andalusia (Spain).