[Monitoring detection and treatment of new patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

We estimated results of detection and treatment of TB patients registered in 2006 in 15 regions of RF under supervision of the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis. The fraction of sputum positive patients increased in comparison with 2005. It ranged from 77.1% in Orel region to 35.2% in Astrakhan region. The primary MDR rate varied significantly from 2.5% in the Republic of Mordovia to 14.7% in Mary El (estimated level 5%). The frequency of efficient chemotherapy (evaluated from sputum microscopy data) increased in 8 regions and decreased in 7 ones. The efficiency varied from 69.0 to 81.1% in 9 regions (recommended level for 2007 68.5%). It amounted to 68.5% or higher (based on sputum culturing data) in Republics of Kalmykia and Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov and Ul'yanovsk regions. TB mortality rate in 2006 exceeded the acceptable level of 2.5% in 13 regions and the frequency of refusals to continue chemotherapy was higher than 5% recommended for 2010 by the Global Fund Target Project in 10 regions. The efficiency of treatment in sputum-positive patients was frequently evaluated by X-ray in 3 regions with poorly organized microbiological services. TB treatment efficiency estimated from cavity closure was higher than 60% in 10 regions; it the remaining ones it varied from 36,3% (Nizhny Novgorod) to 52.2% (Vladimir). The system of evaluation being tested permits to accurately register new TB patients, objectively estimate effectiveness of their treatment, and reveal causes of its failure. Also, it makes possible corrections of therapeutic strategy on a trimestrial basis instead of postponing them till the end of the year. Introduction of cohort analysis combined with supervision of responsibility regions by specialists of relevant research institutions would increase efficiency of TB control in each subject of Russian Federation. Supervisory management appears to be an efficacious tool for monitoring implementation of the TB control Program.

[Nonspecific lung diseases in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (issues of their prevalence, diagnosis and treatment)].

The paper gives data on the prevalence of nonspecific lung disease in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the specific features of diagnosis and treatment of their concomitance in 3453 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It shows the low detection rate of nonspecific lung diseases in patients with pulmonary diseases. The high error rate has been established in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at health care facilities. There is evidence that the use of current therapy for bronchial obstructive syndrome with inhaled cholinolytics and beta2-agonists in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis causes a reduction in the intensity of respiratory symptoms and an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second.

[The results of work and experience of the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in the pilot areas in controlling, detecting, and treating tuberculosis (a cohort analysis)].

In the Russian Federation, the WHO program was launched in 1994 and it covered the whole country by 2005. Detection and therapeutic efficiency are suboptimal. The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis averages 34.5% (21.0-61.0%). In terms of cessation of bacterial isolation, therapeutic efficiency averages 61.4% with a scatter of 37.4-75.0%. Social support has a considerable impact on the efficiency of treatment.