[Comparative analysis of immediate results of reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery depending on the procedure of operative intervention].

The operations of coronary artery bypass surgery were performed in 52 patients over the period of time since June 2004 till November 2012. The age of the patients was from 46 till 77 years (on average 60.8 +/- 7.8 years). These patients were divided three groups on the basis of features of methods of coronary artery bypass surgery. The groups were matched between each other due to the initial clinic data. Acute cardiovascular insufficiency predominated in the structure of complications of the early postoperative period in 9 (17.3%) patients. These 6 (11%) patients were operated under condition of the artificial circulation used. An average time of in-patient treatment was 13.6 +/- 5.6, 10.7 +/- 3.5 and 15.2 +/- 6.1 days of hospitalization respectively. The hospital lethality made up 3.8%. Reoperative myocardial revascularization is an effective method of treatment of recurrence of myocardial ischemia after coronary artery bypass surgery. The performance of coronary revascularization on the working heart facilitates to the reduction of the risk of the development of postoperative complications, including cardial ones and can lead to quick recovery.

[Roentgenomorphological features of coronary artery lesions and coronary shunts in patients with relapse of myocardium ischemia after coronary bypass surgery].

The relapse of ischemia was detected in 127 patients in clinical series after coronary bypass surgery. It was noted in terms from 1 month till 204 months. The basic clinical manifestation or the relapse of ischemia was the recurrence of heart stroke in 74.8%. According to the data of coronary bypass angiography, the main cause of the ischemia relapse appears to be the dysfunction of early formed shunts in 64.6% patients. The development of early thrombosis of autografts is substantially determined by the pool and degree of stenosis of shunt coronary arteries.

[Pathogenesis of chronic ischemia of the lower extremities in patients of advanced ages].

Peripheral artery disease can be most frequently observed at elderly and senile age. Aging, development of atherosclerosis and propensity to thrombosis are closely interconnected. The age of 50-70 years is the most critical to developing vascular insufficiency. The basic risk factors are smoking, arterial hypertension, male sex, genetic and alimentary infringements, diabetes and obesity. Chronic arterial insufficiency displays system character of atherosclerosis in elderly patients. The arterial diseases resulting in a chronic ischemia of legs are one of the widespread pathological processes considerably accelerating aging, reducing longevity and quality of a life in elderly and senile patients.

[Dependence of creatine kinase and glycogen synthetase activities of skeletal muscles on state of adenine nucleotide phosphorylation and cAMP metabolism]. / Zavisimost' kreatinkinaznoi i glikogensintetaznoi sktivnosti skeletnykh myshts ot sostoianiia fosforilirovannosti adeninnukleotidov i obmena cAMP.

Changes in the contents of adenine nucleotides, creatine phosphate, inorganic phosphate, creatine, glucose-6-phosphate and glycogen and the activity of adenylate cyclase, creatine kinase, glycogen phosphorylase 31:51-AMP-phosphodiesterase and glycogen synthetase in muscles and of blood catecholamines were studied in adult rats before loading, immediately after the cessation of the muscular activity, and at rest. Adenine nucleotides are established to play a regulatory role in catabolic and anabolic processes nucleotides are established to play a regulatory role in catabolic and anabolic processes related to the muscular activity. It is established that compensation and supercompensation of the working losses of muscular creatine phosphate and glycogen are due to activation of anabolic processes under conditions of higher phosphorylation of the adenylic system.

[Polyamine formation and development of functional hypertrophy in skeletal muscles with increased activity]. / Obrazovanie poliaminov i razvitie rabochei gipertrofii skeletnykh myshts pri povyshennoi ikh deiatel'nosti.

Cycloheximide caused no changes in activation of arginase and ornitine-sigma-ketoglutarate transaminase during loads, but the activation of ornitine decarboxylase and putrescine and polyamines production was sharply reduced. Physical load caused a significantly lower activation of enzymes of ornitine metabolism and a smaller production of polyamines in muscles of trained animals. The extent of polyamines synthesis is positively correlated with the magnitude of muscles work hypertrophy.

[Interorgan metabolic correlations during muscular activity and fatigue]. / Mezhorgannye metabolicheskie korreliatsii pri myshechnoi deiatel'nosti i utomlenii.

Biochemical and mathematical analysis revealed that metabolic processes in muscles, blood, liver, and brain during both unfatiguing muscular activity and in fatigue change their correlative bonds not identealby. The experiments exposed as a common traits, as differences in metabolic structure of both rapidly and slowly developed fatigue.

[Influence of muscular activity on muscle proteins and sarcoplasmic reticulum content and binding of Ca2+]. / Vliianie myshechoi depter'nosti na belki myshts, soderzhanie sarkoplazsarkoplazmaticheskogo retikuluma i pogloshchenie im Ca2+.

Training with an increase in intensity of loads causes muscle hypertrophy. The increase of myofibrillar proteins content and proteins of sarcoplasmic reticulum is greater after this training than after training with prolongation of duration of loads. The content of sarcoplasmic proteins is the same in the both kinds of training. The increase in the content of mitochondrial proteins is smaller. The myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins content is the greatest with simultaneous increase in the intensity and duration of loads. Increase in the content of sarcoplasmic vesicles proteins in this case is the same as after training with an increase in the intensity of loads. An increase in the content of mitochondrial proteins is the same as in training with prolongation of duration of loads. The capacity of binding Ca2+ (per unit protein weight), Vmax and Km are not changed. When calculating per unit of muscle mass possibilities of Ca2+ binding under the effect of loads of the uncreasing intensity rise.

[Utilization and restitution of energy sources during muscular activity under steady-state metabolic conditions]. / Utilizatsiia i restitutsiia istochnikov énergii pri myshechnoi deiatel'nosti v usloviiakh ustoichivogo sostoianiia metabolizma.

During muscular activity at steady state of metabolism both the carbohydrate and the free fatty acids are utilized as energy sources. Kreatine phosphate expense, carbohydrate mobilization, and intensity of glycolysis during the same work are in positive correlation with the work intensity, while fatty acids mobilization is in negative correlation. Intensity of restoration of energy sources is in positive correlation with the intensity of work and the energy source expense, while being in negative correlation with steady state level of metabolism. In trained organism, both the steady state level of metabolism during muscular activity and intensity of restitution during recovery period are greater than in untrained organism.

[Sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone during adaptation to increased muscle activity].

Systematical muscle exercises increased sensitivity of adrenals to ACTH in adult albino rats, while fatigue decreased it. The sensitivity of adenylatecyclase of fat cells to ACTH does not change during the adaptation of organism to increased muscular activity. Activation of adenylate cyclase of fat cells with epinephrine is abolished by sympatholytin which, however, has no effect on the ACTH activation. These findings confirm that the adenylate cyclase receptors for epinephrine and for ACTH are different.

[Influence of the concentration and composition of dietary fats on biochemical changes in the liver and blood of rats during protracted muscular activity]. / Vliianie soderzhaniia i sostava zhirov pishchi na biokhimicheskie izmeneniia v pecheni i krovi krys pri dlitel'noi myschechno deiatel'nosti

Tests made on adult albino rats kept for two weeks on isocaloric rations with an equal content of protein, but differing in that of fat and dissimilar in the fatty acids composition and the methionine level evidenced that in the event of a prolonged muscular activity the authors find rations with a not too high fat content (30 and less per cent of the aggregate caloricity), but sufficiently rich in linolic acid and methionine more adequate. Failure to comply with these conditions causes an inferior utilization of lipids during muscular activity and slowing down of the restitution processes at the time of rest. The character of the ration has no material effect on the mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids during muscular activity.

[The activity of 3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase and inactivation of insulin during muscular activity]. / Aktivnost' 3',5'-fosfodiésterazy i inaktivatsii insulina pri myshechnoi deiatel'nosti

In trained adult albino rats, more rapid mobilization of carbohydrates and FFA, more economical carbohydrates expenditure during muscular exercise, and more rapid resynthesis of glycogen during recovery period, were observed. This depends on both the changes of 3',5'-AMP-phosphodiesterase activity of muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, and the degree of insulin inactivation by muscle and liver tissues. Both these processes considerably differ in untrained and trained animals.