[DIRECTIONALITY OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF DRINKING WATER].

There have been performed the studies of the dimensional parameters of peroxide associates in drinking water, per- forming regulatory functions in cellular metabolism, that determine the character of the biological response of the human body to drinking water The direction of action of peroxide associates type Σ [(HO2-(*) ... OH-(*) (H2O) tp)]q, (where (H2O) tp is an associate with the tetragonal structure (Walrafen pentamer Is ice VI), q is the degree of association p--parameter of ion coordination) on the cellular structures of the organism is associated with their quantum properties, determining the macroscopic parameters of the electron wave packets. Research has confirmed the addressness of the nonlocal entering electron to certain cellular structures of the body, which is determined by the structural similarity of centers of condensation of electrons in the cells of systems and organs of the body with the parameters of the electron wave packets in the associates. Methodology for the estimation of the orientation of biological effect of the drinking water to the systems of the body on the base of the analysis of variations in heart rhythm under non-contact influence of water on the human body and its relationship with the dimensional parameters and peroxide activity of associates in drinking water can be suggested for the implementation of screening tests for drinking water quality, taking into account both the individualfeatures of responses of body systems to drinking water and its group action.

[KEEPING THE ELECTRON-DONOR PROPERTIES OF DRINKING WATER].

In a study there was performed the experimental evaluation of long-term structural--physical changes of the phase of associated water in drinking water treated in hypomagnetic conditions according to the the technology providing the retention of of ortho/para isomers of water in the presence of a catalyst--triplet oxygen. According to the results of measurements ofparameters of nano-associates formed in the water there was found a series ofconsistencies, allowing to determine the mechanisms of the impact of hypomagnetic treatment on the catalytic properties ofwater and long-term stability of its activated state, that provides the long-term maintenance of high biological activity of drinking water. In particular, under hypomagnetic conditions of the treatment there is formed denser packing of amorphous ice--VI in the composition of associates peroxide, serving as a kind of "reservoir" of atmospheric gases. In such a "reservoir" there realized higher pressure, compared with normal geophysical conditions, that stimulates the gas-phase reactions with the formation of dimers and trimers of oxygen existing in the 2-electron--active configurations with binding energies of 0.3 eVand ~0.2 eV providing phase modulation, resulting in condensation of environment additional electrons on paramagnetic oxygen, which provides the long-term maintenance of the electron--donor ability of water and electrically non-equilibrium state.

[Lifetime of hydrobionts Daphnia magna in a noncontact-activated water].

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of non-contact activated water on the lifetime and replicative function of aquatic organisms Daphnia magna, belonging to a highly organized animal organisms. There was established the proportional relationship between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (in the anion-radical form) and the duration of aquatic lifetime of hydrobionts. In a non contact activated water media with values of redox -potential (Eh)~130mV (against Eh = 213mV--in the control) the lifetime of hydrobionts Daphnia magna is shown to increase in average up to 9 days and reaches 34 days (as 25 days in the control). Replicative junction activated in the aquatic environment does not change, but there was noted a delay in the time of dropping by 7 days in average. Noted regularities in the change in the lifetime of aquatic organisms Daphnia magna in aquatic activated environments are interpreted on the basis of the dependence of the proliferative activity of cells on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in water. The obtained data on lifetime of Daphnia magna in activated electron-donor environments can serve as proof of the hygienic safety and biological activity of physically-activated (non-contact) drinking water.

[Features of changes in the electrochemical properties of water activated with structurally stressed calcium carbonate in micellar form].

The results of studies of electrochemical indices of waters activated with structurally stressed calcium carbonate tension in micellar form during storage are presented and these indicators of water were shown to change over time. In this case, waters, having initially superior activity over time reduce it, giving place to the waters that have at this moment an activity greater than the activity of the sample leading at the beginning. Established that the cause of this oscillatory over time change in activity is a non-local interaction between macroscopic quantum systems of activated waters located at a distance from each other. Oscillatory changes of the electrochemical indices of activated water during storage reflect the dynamic of changes in its biological properties. These changes in the electrochemical indices should be considered in evaluation of the structural and energetic state of the activated water during storage by means of introducing the correction factors.

[Biophysical aspects of biological activity structure--strain calcium carbonat in micellar form].

Results of the study of electrochemical and structural state of phase of associated water in the solutions of structurally stressed calcium carbonate in the micellar form are reported. On the base on the comparison of structural--physical changes of activated water with the data on the activity of bioluminiscentic "Ecolyum" microorganisms in their noncontact activation the electronic mechanism of the effect of activated water on cellular metabolism is substantiated The use of "Micellate of calcium" possessing non-contact electron-donor action on cellular structures was shown to permit to compensate the deficit of electrons and thereby to restore the activities of reductases and iron-containing peptides required for the production of regulatory ROS and alteration in redox state of the intracellular environment.

[Changes in the electrochemical parameters and structural state of water exposed to ultra-high frequency radiation].

This investigation of the impact of microwave radiation on the state of water has indicated that concurrently with thermal exposure, there are cooperative processes that affect the structural and energetic state of its metastable phase.

[Temperature dependence of the structurized state of water].

The paper provides the results of studies of the impact of temperature on the structural and energetic state of drinking water and shows that the altered temperature conditions of water causes a change in its supramolecular structure and biological value.

[Methodological problems in the study of the electronic state of the environment-man system].

The paper considers the problems associated with the need for hygienic regulation of the electronic state of the environment, which affects metabolic changes from impaired electronic balance in the primary nonspecific electronic regulation system.

[Impact of quantum states in nanostructures on biological systems].

The authors consider the quantum states of nanoparticles and the processes of electron transport in the associated phases of aquatic and biological environments that are of macroscopic nature.

[Cryophysical method for estimating the content of structured-phase water].

The paper provides evidence for the principle of calculating the content of water bound states from the quantity of gases evolved during a cryophysical process. A cryophysical procedure has been developed to estimate the degree of water structuredness, by calculating the index from the mean values and spatial variance characteristics.

[Synaptic responses of spinal cord neurons to rhythmic microstimulation of a stepping strip]. / Sinapticheskie otvety neironov spinnogo mozga na ritmicheskuiu mikrostimuliatsiiu shagatel'noi poloski.

Synaptic responses of neurons at the low thoracic level to microstimulation of a stepping strip in the dorsolateral funiculus with frequency of 20 and 40 pps were recorded in mesencephalic cats. Histograms of latencies of single neurons were usually monomodal, whereas two modes at 2-3 ms and 5-7 ms occurred in composed histograms. The data obtained show that decremental reverberation exists under these experimental conditions.

[The synaptic responses of the neurons in the medulla oblongata to stimulation of the stepping stria of the spinal cord in the cat]. / Sinapticheskie otvety neironov prodolgovatogo mozga na razdrazhenie shagatel'noi poloski spinnogo mozga u koshki,

Synaptic responses of bulbar neurons to stimulation of stepping points in the dorsolateral funiculus were recorded in decerebrate cats. 40% of neurons were excited from both ipsi- and contralateral stepping points, the rest of them were excited only from one of those points. Part of the neurons was activated from stepping points at both C2 and Th12 spinal cord levels. Latencies of the synaptic responses to stimulation of the stepping point at the cervical level were from 2 to 18 ms. These results suggest that bulbar neurons as well as propriospinal ones contribute to initiation of locomotion.

[Synaptic responses of propriospinal neurons on stimulation of the locomotor strip of the dorsolateral funiculus of the cat]. / Sinapticheskie otvety propriospinal'nykh neironov na razdrazhenie shagatel'noi poloski dorsolateral'nogo kanatika u koshki.

Stepping points in the dorsolateral funiculus of thoracic and cervical divisions of the spinal cord were found in mesencephalic cats. Synaptic responses of single neurons at level Th12-Th13 to microstimulation of these points were recorded extracellularly. Latencies of these responses increase when the distance between the stepping point and the site of the recording is over 20 mm, and paired stimuli have now to be delivered to evoke responses. Neurons responding orthodromically to stimulation of the stepping strip send their axons into the ventrolateral funiculus near the grey matter. Occurrence of antidromic responses among neurons sending their axons in the caudal direction is 37% in the average till the distance between the recording and stimulation sites is up to 40 mm. Half of neurons with synaptic responses to stimulation of the stepping point can be also excited by a train of 3-6 stimuli applied to the midbrain locomotor point. Revealed neurons may contribute to propagation of the activity to the stepping generator of the hindlimb.

[Stepping movements caused by stimulation of the cat spinal cord dorsolateral funiculus]. / Shagatel'nye dvizheniia, vyzyvaemye razdrazheniem dorsolateral'nogo kanatika spinnogo mozga u koshki.

It has been demonstrated in experiments on mesencephalic cats that microstimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) at any level (from C1 to L1) elicited stepping movements in the ipsilateral hind limb. The lesion of the DLF at the C2--C3 level interfered with provocation of the stepping from the more rostral part of the DLF. However, stimulation caudal to the lesion remained effective. Stimulation of the DLF at the C5--Th3 did not prevent the stepping from L1, whereas that at the Th13 level made L1 ineffective despite the fact that the stepping was provoked by stimulation at the Th12 level. After lesion of the DLF at the two sites (C2 and L1 levels) stimulation at any level (from C3 to Th13) continued provoking the stepping. However, after stimulation at the Th5 and L1 levels the lesion of an isolated DLF area appeared ineffective. The data obtained suggest that stimulation of the DLF can elicit the stepping of the hind limb through the propriospinal system, provided that the stimulated part of the DLF contains at least 8--12 intact segments.

[Responses of neurons of the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord in the cat to stimulation of the locomotor region of the brain stem with different frequencies]. / Otvety neironov verkhnikh sheinykh segmentov spinnogo mozga koshki na razdrazhenie lokomotornoi oblasti mozgovogo stvola s raznymi chastotami.

Synaptic responses of C2 and C3 neurons to stimulation of medullary or midbrain locomotor points were recorded extracellularly in mesencephalic cats. Neurons excited with a firing index of 0.4-0.6 at a stimulation frequency of 2 S-1 retained this index at frequencies of 20-60 S-1 too. Many neurons with the low firing index under the stimulation frequency of 2 S-1 increased it to 0.4-0.6 under high frequency. More than a half of neurons were excited by stimulation of both ipsi- and contralateral locomotor points; a quarter of units responded to stimulation of locomotor points both in the medulla and in the midbrain. The neurons under study were located at a distance of 1.8-4.2 mm from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. Average latencies of responses with a firing index more than 0.5 were distributed between 2 and 30 ms with a mode of 2-8 ms. Long-latency responses had significant fluctuations of latency. A possible participation of the investigated neurons in the propagation of activity from the brain stem locomotor region to stepping generators in the spinal cord is discussed.

[Rhombencephalic "locomotor area" of turtles]. / Rombéntsefalicheskaia "lokomotornaia oblast'" cherepakhi.

Electric stimulation (20-30/s, 10-20 muA) of the rhombencephalon in the decerebrated turtle may evoke cyclic coordinated movements of the limbs. The "locomotor region" is a strip oriented in the rostrocaudal direction which corresponds to the lateral reticular formation. Ipsi- and contralateral synpatic responses of single neurons were recorded extracellularly both in the medial and lateral reticular formations; the responses were evoked by stimulation of the "locomotor region" (2/s, 10-30 muA). The usual latencies of these responses were 3-12 ms (with the mode of 5-6 ms). Excitation of the "locomotor region" is followed by extensive propagation of activity in the rhombencephalon. The possible mechanisms of this propagation are considered.

[Neurons of the superior cervical segments responding to stimulation of the bulbar locomotor strip]. / Neirony verkhnikh sheinykh segmentov, otvechaiushchie na razdrazhenie bul'barnoi "lokomotornoi poloski".

Synaptic responses of single neurons of upper cervical segments to stimulation of the bulbar "locomotor strip" were recorded extracellularly in mesencephalic cats. The stimulating current being about 30 muA, these responses usually had 2-7 ms latencies and appeared in neurons located at a depth of 2-4 mm from the dorsal surface (Rexed's laminae V-VIII). These neurons cannot be excited antidromically either from lumbar or lower cervical segments. However antidromic responses, could be evoked by stimuli applied 3-5 mm caudally of the recording electrode. It is assumed that neurons in C2, C3 excited from the "locomotor strip" are elements of the cell column which is responsible for the polysynaptic propagation of activity to the spinal generators of stepping.