ABSTRACT
A comparative morphometric analysis of MRI brain tomograms of term ant preterm born children was conducted. Common morphometric indexes and a novel quantitative parameter, a coefficient of corpus callosum (kCC), developed with regard to prenatal cortex ontogenesis pattern were applied to the study in order to get objective structural characteristics of the brain. All these quantitative indexes display anatomical features of the preterm brain. Reduced values of corpus callosum coefficient at preterm born children are known to associate with altered proportion between its rostral and caudal segments. A threshold coefficient value was established to differentiate preterm brain from the term one and it has proven its statistical significance.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology , Corpus Callosum/physiology , Infant, Premature/physiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Brain Mapping , Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Child , Corpus Callosum/diagnostic imaging , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
Hypoxic brain damage in a premature neonatal infant can alter the maturation rates of brain structures. This investigation used a myelination parameter to evaluate the maturity of the cerebral structures. The myelination rates for cerebral structures were analyzed in 33 premature neonates (gestational age 27-36 weeks) with posthypoxic central nervous system lesion by the results of magnetic resonanse imaging using the quantification of brain maturity in the late neonatal period. The cerebral structures that were most susceptible to dysmyelination in posthypoxic brain lesion were identified and the association of the patterns of the latter and impaired myelination rates of the cerebral structures was determined in the premature infants.
Subject(s)
Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain , Gestational Age , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Brain/growth & development , Brain/pathology , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Child Development , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology , Infant, Premature, Diseases/physiopathology , Male , Neuroimaging/methods , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
An analysis of treatment of 75 children of the age from 3 years to 17 admitted to the St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical Academy was made. All the children were admitted with the diagnoses of blunt (closed) injuries of the abdomen, ruptures of the spleen, intra-abdominal bleedings. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the periods of hospitalization. In each group the patients were examined and treated which corresponded to the surgical strategy for rupture of the spleen at that period. Different methods of examinations and therapy were determined in the three groups of patients with similar pathology.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Injuries/diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Laparotomy/methods , Spleen/injuries , Splenectomy/methods , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnosis , Abdominal Injuries/complications , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hemoperitoneum/diagnosis , Hemoperitoneum/etiology , Hemoperitoneum/surgery , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Rupture , Trauma Severity Indices , Treatment Outcome , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/surgeryABSTRACT
Tomoscintigraphy with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine reveals function of tumor tissue. It may be used for both primary diagnosis of neuroblastoma, monitoring treatment efficiency and prognosis. Before single photon emission tomography using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine is undertaken, MRI by means of computed tomography should be carried out in abdominal area to ensure perfect blending of multimodal images.
Subject(s)
3-Iodobenzylguanidine/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Iodine Radioisotopes , Neuroblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Neuroblastoma/radiotherapy , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The work presents findings obtained by the radial examination of the anorectal area including routine methods such as irrigography and balloon proctography as well as modern technologies such as endorectal ultrasonography with a transducer of high resolution (7.5 MHz) and computed tomography in 250 children with more common syndromes in colonoproctology: constipation and incontinence of feces. Results of the endosonographic investigation of the normal sphincter apparatus in children are described. It is confirmed that endosonography is of great importance for the detection of the isolated intumescence of the anal sphincter. Computed tomography is also necessary for traumas of the anorectal area in children.
