[Methodic approaches to evaluation of visual performance in professional computer users].

Occupation-related and physiologic studies in workers using personal computers revealed variable degrees of changed visual performance in accordance with work conditions class and integral parameter of work intensity. Findings are that the performance change is caused by lower accomodation volume and decrease in temporary characteristics of clear vision stability. Correlation was established between work conditions class and percentage of the performance decrease during the working shift in videodisplay users.

[Labor physiology role in workers of different type labor activity workability and health. Progress and prospects].

There are presented the data of workers overstrain and fatigue conditions mechanisms based on physiological, psychological and ergonomic aspects of work processes in different types of activities (mental, visual-strained, physical). 15-year historical analysis, current state and prospects of labor physiology methods development are shown. Complex physiological and ergonomic investigations have allowed developing the measures of work ability raise and diseases prevention for workers various professions. Obtained results provided the basis of development of regulatory documents in area of human organism strain physiological norms, consequences of psycho-emotional stress and overstrain prevention taking into account working conditions class.

[Preventing risk of overexertion in mental workers, depending on work conditions class according to work hardiness parameters].

One of the most important tasks of occupational medicine is prevention of overexertion and occupational diseases in physical workers with various characters and degree of muscular exertion (local, regional and general). The studies demonstrated strong corellation between work conditions class in work hardiness, functional state and level of diseases development among 50 occupational groups examined. The article covers specific and differentiated measures on rational work and rest schedules, and other prophylactic means, with consideration of work conditions class for physical workers.

[Visual fatigue in video display terminal users in relation to the type of displayed information].

The functional status of the visual analyzer was studied in professional users of video display terminals (VDT) in relation to the type of displayed information. It was shown that irrespective of the type of displayed information, the VDT users developed visual fatigue over time. With unidirectional changes, visual fatigue was ascertained to be more pronounced and to have developed prematurely in users of VDT with alphanumeric information than in those of VDT with graphic information.

[Risk factors of functional disorders in mental workers].

The authors demonstrated that incomplete consideration of ergonomic requirements in occupational process organization results in more intensive work and therefore to marked unfavorable changes in various human body systems. Preventing functional strain and lowering the occupational risk requires special measures implemented into daily work schedule and into activities of occupational rehabilitation centers.

[Physiologic and ergonomic aspects of social and hygienic monitoring of workers' performance and health].

The article tackles necessity of physiologic and ergonomic research in system of social and hygienic monitoring of workers' performance and health. A presented scheme covers physiologic and ergonimic aspects: monitoring of work process factors; monitoring of workers' performance and functional state. The authors formulated theoretic orientation of the problem and demonstrated scientific and practical importance of physiologic and ergonomic monitoring.

[Methodic approaches to determining the level of occupational fitness in jobs prone to trauma].

The article deals with main methods to evaluate functional state of various body systems and with the methods-based criteria of occupational fitness for miscellaneous activities. Examination of 11 types of jobs prone to trauma helped to specify integral parameter for occupational selection.

[The probability of impaired health in workers exposed to occupational hazards]. / Veroiatnost' narusheniia zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh on vozdeistviia neblagopriiatnykh faktorov trudovogo protsessa.

Complex descriptive, physiologic and hygienic studies covered various occupational groups of physical and mental work and revealed that health disorders probability depends on intensity of occupational factors. Increase in the intensity results in higher physiologic expenditure and greater incidence of occupational diseases. Symptoms of disorders appeared to depend on specificity of occupational factors.

[Prophylaxis of muscular stress in physical labor]. / Profilaktika myshechnogo perenapriazheniia pri fizicheskoi rabote.

The authors demonstrated that work of female molders, acquisitors and stacking packers is characterized by physical load, great number of cliched manual movements, intensive inclinations of corpse and constrained working posture. Prolonged exposure to unfavorable occupational factors results in neuromuscular and cardiovascular stress that induces pathologic changes with increasing length of service. Complex of prophylactic measures suggested by the authors proves effective as releases working strain and delays fatigue during the working shift.

[Physiological and clinical disorders in muscular work depending on factors of work process]. / Fiziologo-klinicheskie narusheniia pri myshechnoi rabote v zavisimosti ot faktorov trudovogo protsessa.

Clinical and physiologic studies covered 26 occupational groups engaged into physical work and revealed that physiologic value of muscular work is a function of quantitative parameters, intensity and duration of work. Physiologic value of the work appeared to correlate with morbidity structure.

[Changes in the functional state of the visual analyzer during work at video display terminals of graphic images]. / Izmenenie v funktsional'nom sostoianii zritel'nogo analizatora pri rabote s videoterminalami graficheskogo izobrazheniia.

The examination covered female operators of sewing pickup, engaged into the work at video-displays. The total work load appeared to equal 77.6% and the work at video-display--75.2% of the shift time. Functional state of the vision demonstrated a decrease even after 2 hrs of the work, then stabilized by midpoint of the shift and afterwards lowered by 10-12 hrs of the work. Those objective changes correlated with the sensation of orbital discomfort. The findings served as a base for prophylaxis to restore the performance during the regulated breaks.

[Functional state and development of diseases of the locomotor system in seamstresses in relation to their work characteristics and degree of physical exertion of the hand muscles]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie i razvitie zabolevanii oporno- dvigatel'nogo apparata u shvei v zavisimosti ot osobennostei ikh truda i velichiny fizicheskoi nagruzki na myshtsy ruk.

Physiological and clinical on-the-spot studies were performed of the labour conditions in 3 groups of female sewing-machine operators (respectively, engaged in making women's dresses, men's suits and men's coats). The analysis performed revealed different degrees of physical load and fatigue in the operators depending on the occupational peculiarities. Specific features of the peripheral nervous system and locomotor system disorders were studied in details, along with the causal relationships underlying the degree of physical load and fatiguability, overstrain development and cumulation. The results of the study were used as a basis for setting Health-Related regulations for sewing-machine operators.

[Functional state of the body and morbidity among diamond cutters]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie organizma i zabolevaemost' rabochikh, zaniatykh obrabotkoi almazov.

The article contains results of the studies of the visual analyzer, cardio-vascular system and central nervous system, as well as prevalence and structure of morbidity with temporary disability among the major professions in diamond processing. It was established that resulting from a complex of labour factors (hypodynamics, forced posture at work, overstrain of the sight, monotony) the working capacity was falling down in the shift dynamics, fatiguability was rapidly developing with concomitant decline in health state indices, thus necessitating the introduction of preventive measures.

[Dependence of the levels of morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity on the body functional state of those working in hypokinesia]. / Zavisimost' urovnei zabolevaemosti s vremennoi utratoi trudosposobnosti ot funktsional'nogo sostoianiia organizma rabotaiushchikh v usloviiakh gipokinezii.

The study was designed to analyze the relation of body functioning and temporary disability rates in order to identify physiologic indices characterizing health status and its possible variations. As illustrated by the data on health status of female workers engaged in precision assembly work and exposed to hypokinesia it was established that the indices of general physical work capacity could be used for predicting possible changes in workers' health state. The workers with high levels of physical capacity for work had lower morbidity rates, that tendency being especially revealed in workers of older age groups.