[Use of bacteriophages as selective factors in bacteriological diagnosis of mixed infections]. / Ispol'zovanie bakteriofagov v kachestve selektivnogo faktora pri bakteriologicheskoi diagnostike smeshannykh infektsii.

A new method is proposed for detecting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria during diagnostic culturing by exposure of mixed microorganism populations to bacteriophages. By lysing homologous bacteria, the phages facilitate the detection and isolation of associates resistant to them in pure cultures. The proposed method is compared with the selective media techniques and a conclusion is made on the advantages of selective decontamination of biological samples by bacteriophages in experiments and diagnostic culturing of material from patients with pyo-inflammatory processes.

[The dynamics of the wound microflora in the victims of the earthquake in Armenia]. / Dinamika mikroflory ran postradavshikh pri zemletriasenii v Armenii.

The data on the composition of wound microflora, as well as changes in the contamination index over the course of treatment of patients with the syndrome of prolonged compression, who were brought to the institute after the earthquake in Armenia, are presented. The authors characterize the structure of the causative agents of wound infection in the patients treated at the traumatological department of the institute over several years. The epidemiological situation in the hospital in the period when the earthquake victims were treated there is analyzed.

[The microfloral wound dynamics of the victims in the railroad disaster in Bashkiria]. / Dinamika mikroflory ran postradavshikh pri katastrofe na zheleznoi doroge v Bashkirii.

The work deals with the microbial composition of burn wounds in the victims of the railroad catastrophe in Bashkiria during their stay in a hospital. The comparison of the microbial spectrum in the wounds of the burn victims of the catastrophe with the results of the monitoring of the causative agents of burn infections in patients treated at the department of thermal lesions over a period of 3 years is presented. The medicinal sensitivity of wound microflora at all stages of the hospital treatment of the patients was studied and compared with the medicinal sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from the wounds of burn patients in 1988.

[The rapid diagnosis of the anaerobic component of mixed infections in surgery]. / Ekspress-diagnostika anaérobnogo komponenta smeshannykh infektsii v khirurgii.

Rapid diagnosis of obligate anaerobes was conducted by means of gas liquid chromatography, bacterioscopy, and monitoring. It was found that in 80% of patients the results of rapid diagnosis coincided with those of complete cultural study. Monitoring of obligate anaerobes yields generalized information on their species composition, drug sensitivity, and etiological importance in mixed anaerobo-aerobic infections. The data of rapid diagnosis makes it possible to use directed antibiotic therapy before bacteriological examination is completed.

[The ecological communality of obligate anaerobic and aerobic causative agents of suppurative processes]. / Ekologicheskaia obshchnost' obligatno-anaérobnykh i aérobnykh vozbuditelei gnoinykh protsessov.

The composition of aerobic-anaerobic associations in peritonitis and mediastinitis has been found to correspond to the normal microflora of the biotope organ whose lesion leads to the development of the pathological process. As shown with the use of Jacquard's coefficient, in peritonitis the highest degree of ecological similarity is observed among bacteroids and enterobacteria (45.8%) and in mediastinitis and phlegmons, among bacteroids and staphylococci (45.0% and 45.4% respectively). The results of the study of symbiotic relationships among bacteria in the focus of inflammation may be used in the study of the pathogenesis of mixed infections.

[Changes in the composition of the causative agents of wound infection in emergency surgery in the period from 1967 through 1987]. / Izmeneniia sostava vozbuditelei ranevoi infektsii v ékstrennoi khirurgii za period s 1967 po 1987 g.

The composition of the causative agents of suppurations, isolated from suppurating wounds of patients hospitalized at different departments of the Sklifosovskii Emergency Aid Institute was studied. The proportion of representatives of different microbial families among more than 18,000 strains of the causative agents of wound infection was estimated. Fluctuations in the amount and structure of the agents were analyzed in different clinics over the period of 1967-1987. Under the conditions of emergency aid hospital Staphylococcus aureus proved to be the most frequent causative agent of suppurative inflammatory processes at different departments. At the same time no tendency towards an increase of the etiological role of any microbial family in the development of wound infections was noted. The incidence of different causative agents of suppurations was found to vary at different departments, depending on their specialization and season. The results of observations on the composition of the causative agents of wound infection may be used for the planning and evaluation of antiepidemic measures.

[Frequency of detection and the species composition of anaerobic gram-negative nonsporulating bacteria in suppurative pathology in emergency surgery]. / Chastota obnaruzheniia i vidovoi sostav anaérobnykh gramotri-tsatel'nykh nesporoobrazuiushchikh bakterii pri gnoinoi patologii v ékstrennoi khirurgii.

The improved technique of cultivation allowed to detect obligatorily anaerobic microorganisms in 58 out of 94 samples from patients with purulent inflammatory processes. The results of the studies showed that anaerobic microorganisms were most frequently isolated from the exudate of the abdominal cavity and the purulent discharge of wounds in peritonitis patients. Gram-negative nonsporulating bacilli made up 25.3% of all the isolated cultures. The identification of these microorganisms allowed to determine that in the exudate of the abdominal cavity, the discharge of surgical and posttraumatic wounds, and of the pleural cavity the representatives of the family Bacteroidaceae mainly occurred. Most frequently B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis were isolated.

[Sensitivity of the causative agents of suppurative-inflammatory diseases to medical bacteriophages]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' vozbuditelei gnoino-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii k lechebnym bakteriofagam.

Sensitivity to therapeutic bacteriophages and antibiotics of 2063 cultures causing purulent inflammatory diseases was studied. Sensitivity of Staph. aureus to therapeutic bacteriophages was higher (88.5%) than that to benzylpenicillin (33.7%), ampicillin (64.3%), erythromycin (53.7%) and close to that to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, lincomycin and chloramphenicol. The number of Ps. aeruginosa strains sensitive to the phages amounted to 67.1%. E. coli and Proteus were sensitive to therapeutic bacteriophages in 32.4 and 29% of the cultures respectively. All of the streptococcal strains isolated from the patients were resistant to phages. A favourable clinical effect of phages was observed in 37 out of 80 patients. The results of the study showed the advisability of the wide use of bacteriophages in combined treatment of purulent inflammatory diseases.

[Characteristics of enterobacteria isolated during purulent-inflammatory processes in patients with critical diseases]. / Kharakteristika énterobakterii, vydelennykh pri gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessakh u bol'nykh s ékstrennoi patologiei.

A total of 238 patients were surveyed; 444 bacterial strains were isolated; of these 403 strains belonged to 7 out of 12 genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae and 41 strains were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. The majority of enterobacteria were sensitive to broad-spectrum antibiotics. A characteristic feature of Proteus was polyresistance to antibacterial preparations. The active and passive immunization of patients with urgent pathology against infections caused by E. coli and Pr. mirabilis is recommended.

[Identification of the enterobacteria isolated from patients by using the Enterotube test system]. / Identifikatsiia vydelennykh ot bol'nykh énterobakterii pri pomoshchi test-sistemy "Enterotube".

The Enterotube test system intended for the accelerated identification of enterobacteria was used to study 319 strains isolated from patients with suppurative complications after surgical operations and traumatic lesions. The test system was found to allow a reliable identification of Enterobacteriaceae having characteristic biochemical properties. It was also found that the kit intended for 10 tests could prove insufficient for the identification of atypical bacteria. The Enterotube test system made it possible to differentiate 95% of enterobacterial strains; in the identification of bacteria by their genus and species and results obtained with the use of the Enterotube test system and common biochemical methods were found to be identical (in 96.4% of tests).

[Wound microflora in injured patients]. / Mikroflora ran u travmatologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The authors present the results of bacteriological study of fresh wounds in 165 traumatological patients and data on the character of microbial flora in the occurrence of purulent inflammatory complications. Microbes revealed in fresh wounds proved to differ by their species composition and antibiotic sensitivity from these causing suppuration. Purulent inflammatory complications were mostly caused by microbes which were not revealed in the wound at first.

[The infectivity of surgical wounds]. / Infitsirovannost' khirurgicheskikh ran

A study was made of microbial contamination of wounds and wound fluid in 114 patients operated upon (clean and conditionally clean operations). Directly before suturing the subcutaneous-fatty cellular tissue no microbes were revealed in 50% of cases, but in 23% of cases potentially pathogenetic microorganisms were isolated. Potential causative agents of purulent infection were revealed in 50% of the patients on the 1st-3rd postoperative days. Suppuration developed in 3 cases only. In a number of cases there were revealed in the wound discharge such microbes which were not detected before the wound was sutured. Sometimes the presence of even numerous potentially-pathogenic microbes in the wound secretion led to no suppuration.

[Possibility of peroral revaccination against tetanus]. / Vozmozhnost' polucheniia revaktsiniruiushchego éffekta pri peroral'noi immunizatsii protiv stolbniaka

The authors present the results of oral revaccination of volunteers by purified tetanus toxoid. It appeared that in a dose of 500 BU tetanus toxoid covered with no special coat, produced no immunological effect. As to the coated toxoid-the same dose produced and increase in the antitoxin titre to the protective level, and greater.

[Molecular weight heterogeneity of isolated antigenic complexes and their immunochemical activity]. / Molekuliarno-vesovaia geterogennost' izolirovannykh antigennykh kompleksov i ikh immunokhimicheskaia aktivnost'

Antigenic complexes extracted from S. typhi Ty24446 in tryptic proteolysis displayed heterogeneity by molecular weight. The O-antigenic activity of the preparation was associated with the components with a mol. weight of 6.7-10(4)--2-10(6), Vi-antigenic activity--with the components with a mol. weight of 6.7-10(4)--2-10(6) and the components with a mol. weight of 1.75-10(4)--6.7-10(6). Components with a mol. weight below 1.75-10(4) possessed no Vi-antigenic activity. Correlations between the high- and low-molecular components in the "tryptic" antigen depended on the regimen of proteolysis.