ABSTRACT
The data on the influence of chromium in different tissues of rats at its consumption with mixed fodder in the form of CrCl3 x 6H2O on the intensity of peroxidation processes and activity of antioxidant enzymes are presented. The degree of high chromium content in the studied tissues of rats at its addition to mixed fodder in the amount of 200 microg/kg during 30 days was established. Chromium content in the rat tissues decreased in the order: the spleen, heart, kidneys, lungs, brain, liver, skeletal muscle. In all tissues of rats fed with mixed fodder with chromium addition, except for skeletal muscles, content of lipid peroxidation products--hydroperoxide and TBARS-products decreased. The content of lipid peroxidation products decreased in the spleen, kidneys, liver and lungs. Also in all organs and tissues of rats the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase increased at the action of chromium. In the brain and kidneys the level of reduced glutathione increased. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher not only in the heart and skeletal muscles of animals and is probably equal in the lungs and liver, and in other organs--the brain, kidneys and spleen in animals of the studied group the enzyme activity was lower as compared to animals of the control group. Obtained results demonstrate the regulatory influence of chromium on free radical process in the rat tissues.
Subject(s)
Chromium/pharmacology , Diet , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Administration, Oral , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Chromium/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Male , Organ Specificity , Rats , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolismABSTRACT
Modern data concerning biologic characteristics of chromium (Cr3+) its placement in nature, accessibility and metabolic action of its different forms in humans and animals is presented in this survey. Essentiality of chromium for humans is emphasized, data about consumption norms of this microelement and its use for curing different diseases especially diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis of vessels are presented. The biochemical mechanisms of Cr3+ effect on the metabolism in the human and animal organism are analyzed. It is shown that the organism reacts to chrome additions by the change of some metabolism links. Chrome influences positively growth and development of foetus, stimulates metabolism of glucose and insulin in the humans and animals. However, at the set chromium requirements it is necessary to take into account its low availability in food, high release of Cr3+ from the organism under the influence of stress factors, considerable decline of its level with age, and also in the period of pregnancy and lactation. Therefore experimental researches of introduction of Cr3+ additions to the diet of people and forage of animals taking into account their body mass, age and clinical state, can explain the biochemical mechanisms of biological action of this microelement.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/metabolism , Chromium/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Pregnancy Complications/metabolism , Aging/drug effects , Aging/metabolism , Animals , Atherosclerosis/diet therapy , Atherosclerosis/physiopathology , Body Composition/drug effects , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Chromium/adverse effects , Chromium/chemistry , Chromium/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus/diet therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Diet , Female , Fetus , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Lactation/drug effects , Lactation/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diet therapy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolismABSTRACT
After incubation of homogenates of liver, kidney, brain, skeletal muscles mucosa of rumen and empty intestine of cattle in Krebs-Ringer's phosphate buffer with [2-14C]methionine 25.8-43.4% radioactive label was found in protein; 28.1-42.0%, in CO2; 12.0-18.6%, in glucose; 8.2-14.9%, in glycogen; 3.1-6.3%, in lipids. The highest level of [2-14C]methionine utilization in protein synthesis was found in skeletal muscle; in energetical processes, in liver; in the process of gluconeogenesis, in skeletal muscles and liver; in lipid synthesis, in brain; the lowest level of [2-14C]methionine utilisation in above-mentioned process was found in skin.
Subject(s)
Methionine/metabolism , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Carbon Radioisotopes/metabolism , Cattle , In Vitro Techniques , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Rumen/metabolismABSTRACT
Calves were fed with the whole milk substitute containing different amounts of linoleic acid--0.70, 1.44 and 3.65 per cent from the total energy content of the ratio--for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, beginning from the 2nd to the 60th day of life. The feeding of different amounts of linoleic acid has no significant effect on the lipid content and the ratio of different type of lipids as well as on prostaglandins E2 and F 2 alpha contents. The increase of linoleic acid quantity in the liver lipids of calves occurs parallel to that of its uptake. During the liver homogenates incubation in the medium containing [1-14C] linoleic acid 0.15-0.22 per cent of the label are found in the composition of 14CO2, 85.7-85.9 per cent--in lipids, 13,9-14,6 per cent--in prostaglandins.
