Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/epidemiology , Pandemics , Aged , COVID-19/complications , Female , Humans , Incidence , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/etiology , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Survival Rate/trendsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Aggressive post-resuscitation care, in particular combining mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) with early coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), may improve prognosis after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). OBJECTIVES: The study aims to assess the value of immediate CAG or PCI in comatose survivors after OHCA treated with MTH and their association with outcomes. METHODS: Observational, prospective analysis of all comatose, resuscitated patients treated with MTH at a tertiary centre and undergoing CAG or PCI ≤6 hours after OHCA, or non-invasively managed. Primary outcomes were 30-day and 1-year survival. RESULTS: From March 2004-December 2012, 141 (51%) out of 278 comatose patients after cardiac OHCA were treated with MTH (median age: 64.5 (interquartile range 55-73) years, males: 67%, first shockable rhythm: 70%, witnessed OHCA: 94%, interval OHCA-resuscitation ≤20 min: 81%). Ninety-seven patients (69%) underwent early CAG, and 45 (32%) of them PCI. Patients undergoing CAG or PCI had a more favourable risk profile than subjects non-invasively managed. PCI treated patients had more bleedings, but no stent thrombosis occurred. Thirty-day and one-year unadjusted total mortality rates were 50% and 72% for non-invasively managed patients, 26% and 38.7% for patients submitted only to CAG and 32% and 36.6% for patients treated with PCI (p=0.0435 for early death, and p<0.0001 for one-year mortality, respectively). However, a propensity-matched score analysis did not confirm the survival advantage of invasive management (p=0.093). At multivariable analysis, clinical and OHCA-related variables as well as CAG, but not PCI, were associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Comatose patients cooled after OHCA and submitted to emergency CAG or PCI are a favourable outcome population that receives optimal post-arrest care.
Subject(s)
Coronary Angiography/methods , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/diagnostic imaging , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/mortality , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We sought to assess the effect of a territorial system of care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on the outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 720 patients who experienced a witnessed OOHCA of presumed cardiac origin during a four-year period in an area with a STEMI network and for whom resuscitation was attempted. RESULTS: Overall, 242 (33.6%) patients had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 645 (90%) died before discharge. We observed a trend toward decreased overall mortality for OOHCA between the years 2004 and 2007, both in the entire population and in patients with ROSC (2004=94%; 2005=89%; 2006=85%; 2007=89%; P=0.064; 2004=81%; 2005=69%; 2006=65%; 2007=60%; P=0.076, respectively). On multivariable analysis, age, crew-witnessed arrest and presence of shockable rhythm were independent predictors of mortality. Patients who experienced OOHCA in the year 2006 (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.21-1.05; P=0.07) and 2007 (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.23-1.12; P=0.09) showed a strong trend toward decreased risk of mortality compared to year 2004. In patients with ROSC, the year 2007 was associated with a significant lower risk of mortality compared to year 2004 (OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.96; P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a territorial network of care for STEMI appears to be associated with reduced mortality OOHCA patients.
