ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the osseous orbit and its apex in health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The computed tomography scans of 210 individuals (266 orbits) without orbital disease were examined. RESULTS: The paper presents linear indicators (horizontal input, vertical input, length) of the osseous orbit and its apex in health. It is emphasized that the volume of the osseous orbit and its apex in healthy men and women has statistically significant differences. Individual asymmetry of osseous orbital volumes in health was detected in 80.95% of the men and in 82.85% of the women; asymmetry of orbital fat volume was in 47.61% of the men and in 51.42% of the women. CONCLUSION: The asymmetry of the mean normal osseous orbital volumes in the population is only within the margin of statistical error. At the same time the individual asymmetry of osseous orbital volumes in health is as much as 3.0 cm3; that of osseous orbital apical volumes is not greater than 1.0 cm3. The linear and volume characteristics of the osseous orbit and its apex are useful in estimating the degree of clinical symptoms. These should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of true and false exophthalmos and these can also play a crucial role in choosing surgical tactics.
Subject(s)
Orbit/anatomy & histology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Orbit/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Pathogenesis of lipogenic form of thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is presented. 172 patients with TO are presented, among them 47 males (93 orbits) and 125 females (250 orbits). Features of clinical manifestations of lipogenic form of TO are described. The results of CT of extraocular muscles (EOM) and orbital fat volume are studied in these patients and the density of EOM is assessed.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging , Exophthalmos , Graves Ophthalmopathy , Orbit/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adult , Aged , Exophthalmos/diagnostic imaging , Exophthalmos/etiology , Exophthalmos/physiopathology , Female , Graves Ophthalmopathy/complications , Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnosis , Graves Ophthalmopathy/pathology , Graves Ophthalmopathy/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oculomotor Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Organ Size , Vision Tests/methodsABSTRACT
The results of computer tomogram images analysis of 32 patients (32 orbits) with soft tissue orbital tumors are presented. 22 patients appeared to have cavernous hemangioma, 10--optic nerve meningioma. The technique of three dimensional reconstruction of orbital soft tissue is described and its diagnostic value in patients with cavernous hemangioma and optic nerve meningioma is analyzed. The density of lesions and its variability were studied. Indications for two and three dimensional imaging were proposed to differentiate these tumors.
Subject(s)
Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Meningioma/diagnostic imaging , Optic Nerve Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , HumansABSTRACT
The paper describes a simplified calculation procedure for the volume of the osseous orbit. The use of correction factors allowed the authors to show the appropriateness of calculation of the volume of the osseous orbit from 4-6 fragments instead of 45-55 ones, as had been accepted. The presented volume characteristics of the orbit may be used in the differential diagnosis of false and true exophthalmos and in the planning of orbital operations.
Subject(s)
Mathematical Concepts , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The paper gives data of computed tomography in 100 patients (148 orbits) with edematous exophthalmos (lipogenic and mixed types). There is a relationship of the higher degree of exophthalmos to the increased orbital soft tissue contents. A procedure is described for the individual calculation of the amount of removed orbital fat during compressive operations, which considers both the individual features of the anatomic structure and existing exophthalmos.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnostic imaging , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Preoperative Care/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adipose Tissue/surgery , Adult , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Graves Ophthalmopathy/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PrognosisABSTRACT
The authors describe the clinical picture and course of the lipogenic type of edematous exophthalmos. Internal orbital decompression is proposed to use as an alternative technique in the treatment of the lipogenic type of edematous exophthalmos.
Subject(s)
Decompression, Surgical/methods , Edema/diagnosis , Exophthalmos/diagnosis , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Edema/surgery , Exophthalmos/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Orbit , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The paper deals with the examination of computed tomograms of 72 patients (90 orbits), including 29 males (36 orbits) and 43 females (54 orbits), who had no any orbital pathology. The patients' age ranged from 34 to 65 years. Data on the volume of the bony orbit and its soft tissue contents are given. The dimensions of the transversal opening to the orbit and its depth are shown. The volumes of all the ocular muscles (extraocular muscles, the elevator muscle of the upper eyelid), optic nerve, eyeball, and ocular fat are separately calculated. These indices may be used for both the differential diagnosis of true exophthalmos and pseudoexophthalmos and the planning of any orbital surgery.
Subject(s)
Exophthalmos/diagnostic imaging , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Eyelids/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oculomotor Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Reproducibility of Results , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of a computed tomographic study of extraocular muscles (EOM) in 75 patients (131 orbits) without orbital pathology and different forms of endocrine ophthalmopathology. It also gives data on changes in EOM density and structure. The outline of the muscles has been studied at different stages of edematous exophthalmos and endocrine myopathy. The obtained quantitative results of EOM changes allow one to make a differential diagnosis of different forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy and to plan treatment of these patients.
