[Altered parameters of respiration mechanics as compared with clinical and X-ray changes in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Izmenenie pokazatelei mekhaniki dykhaniia v sopostavlenii s kliniko-rentgenologicheskoi dinamikoi u vpervye vyiavlennykh bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

This study was undertaken to explore changes in the mechanics of respiration in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis during 3-4-month chemotherapy as compared to the course of a tuberculous process, which was based on the times of bacterial isolation cession and cavernous closures. A hundred and thirty-four patients (95 males and 39 females) with different forms of tuberculosis were followed up. The study of external respiratory function involved spirometry, determination of forced expiratory flow-volume, body plethysmography, examination of the mechanics of the lung by esophageal probing. During chemotherapy, bronchial patiency, the elastic constituent of pulmonary impedance, total bronchial resistance, and respiratory performance were ascertained to vary independently of one another. The authors have identified the factors that most greatly influence these changes: baseline bronchial obstruction on the one hand and the form of tuberculosis and the severity of a destructive process in the lung on the other one. A significant association of the time course of changes was found in the mechanics of the lung and in a tuberculous process, which was based on the times of bacterial isolation cession and cavernous closures.

[Clinical and functional comparisons in patients with tuberculous pleurisy]. / Kliniko-funktsional'nye sopostavleniia u bol'nykh tuberkuleznym plevritom.

Forty four patients with tuberculous pleurisy or pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pleurisy were examined. The examination was made before or in the first days after antituberculous chemotherapy. Along with routine methods used to examine patients with tuberculosis, a complex study of external respiration function involved spirometry, air flow/volume on forced expiration, body plethismography, esophageal probing of respiratory mechanics. Analysis indicated that RD was significantly more frequently observed in tuberculous pleurisy concurrent with infiltrative tuberculosis (81%) than in the former alone (50%). Restrictive disorders were diagnosed significantly more commonly in encysted pleurisy than in free one. Obstruction was significantly more frequently encountered in tuberculous changes in the lung (80%) than in pleurisy alone (46%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant contingency of the incidence and severity of restrictive disorders and bronchial obstruction, which is likely to suggest of the common tuberculous nature of these ventilatory disturbances. The dynamic and static compliance of the lung significantly decreased as the severity of restriction increased. The spirometric indices, such as total lung capacity (TLC) and forced expiratory volume (FEVI), and the indices of dynamic and static compliance of the lung (Cdyn, Cst) (the correlation coefficient (r) with the degree of restrictive disorders was -0.78, -0.76, -0.48, and -0.45, respectively; p < 0.05) are of the greatest informative value in evaluating restrictive disorders. At the same time, the severity of obstructing lesions correlated with the air flow indices IVS25, IVS50, IVS75, and the Tiffeneau index (r = -0.74, -0.82, -0.81, and -0.75, respectively; p < 0.05).

[Medico-social characteristics of inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Mediko-sotsial'naia kharakteristika bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh na statsionarnom étape lecheniia.

A questionnaire survey of 103 patients with active tuberculosis of the respiratory organs provided evidence on social factors contributing to more frequent onset of destructive tuberculosis, complications, discharge of M. tuberculosis, associated chronic bronchitis and ulcer. These were: serving sentence in prison or reformatory, poverty, alcoholism. X-ray diagnosis of tuberculosis provided earlier detection of the disease reducing the number of complications and invalidity.

[Use of computer technology for teaching phthisiology and pulmonology at medical institutes]. / Primenenie vychislitel'noi tekhniki v prepodavanii ftizio- pul'monologii v meditsinskom institute.

The experience of computer technology application at the Phthisiology Department of the Kazan Medical Institute over the last 5 years was generalized. Four classes of the teaching programs were described: program control of the accumulated experience, diagnostic search, a mathematical model of an emergency situation and expert medical systems. Preference is given to the latter two types of programs. It is emphasized that application of the IBM-compatible systems as the most prevalent in clinical practice is promising. Description of the specific programs is presented.

[Effects of salbutamol and aspirin on pulmonary ventilation and hemodynamics in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis]. / Vliianie sal'butamola i aspirina na ventiliatsiiu i gemodinamiku legkikh u bol'nykh infil'trativnym tuberkulezom.

External respiratory function, central and pulmonary hemodynamics and PaO2 were studied in 30 infiltrative tuberculosis patients in the absence of dissemination signs after a single and course administration of aspirin and inhalation of 2 doses of salbutamol. It was found that aspirin had a potentiating influence on the broncholytic effect of salbutamol and was responsible for the prevention of intrapulmonary shunting in the presence of bronchial dilatation.