[The characteristics of the skeletal muscle fibers of the m. vastus lateralis in highly qualified skaters (a morphometric analysis)]. / Kharakteristika skeletnykh myshechnykh volokon m. vastus lateralis kon'kobezhtsev vysokoi kvalifikatsii (morfometricheskii analiz).

Morphometrical characteristics of the skeletal muscle fibers of the m. vastus lateralis has been presented in the skaters of a high qualification. The muscle biopsies have been obtained by means of the needle biopsy method from 5 sprinters and 10 classical all-round competitors. Longitudinal sections of the peripheral and central parts of the muscle fiber have been investigated, subdividing the fibers in accordance with certain ultrastructural criteria into two types: slow and fast. The area of mitochondria, myofibrils, lipid inclusions has been determined by means of the system of the image analysis ACM-68K (Leitz, BRD). To the defining factors in the skater muscle ultrastructure, influencing the level of sporting achievements, a high parameter of the volumetric density of the whole mitochondrial population (7.6% in the sprinters and 9.2% in the all-around competitors) and an exceptionally high parameter of the sarcoplasmic density (28.5% in the sprinters and 36% in the all-around competitors) should be ascribed. The morphometrical data of the skaters muscle fiber are compared with the muscle parameters (according to the literature data) of the m. vastus lateralis in high qualification sportsmen of other specialization and in nontrained persons.

[Types of muscle fibers in skeletal muscles of persons not engaging in physical work or sports]. / Tipy myshechnykh volokon v skeletnykh myshtsakh liudei, ne zanimaiushchikhsia fizicheskim trudom i sportom.

Composition of muscle fibers (MF) has been analysed in the m. externus lateralis femoris in 52 volunteers (34 men and 18 women), who do not go in for sports and do not work physically. The following average amount of MF contents has been revealed: the type I--50%, the type II-A--20%, the type II-B--30%. In men amount of the type I MF is somewhat less and that of the type II-A--more than in women.

[Composition of skeletal muscle fibers in athletes, performing work varying in duration and power]. / Sostav myshechnykh volokon skeletnykh myshts sportsmenov, vypolniaiushchikh rabotu razlichnoi dlitel'nosti i moshchnosti.

Bioptates obtained from the musculus vastus lateralis in 1,311 sportsmen-volunteers, presenting 8 types of sports have been investigated; their special work has been performed in zones of certain power or in several zones of power. In cryostat sections after reaction of myosin ATPase, content of slow and fast muscle fibers (MF) has been counted and they have been presented in per cents. A short-time work of maximal power is more successfully performed by persons, in whose muscles less than 20% of slow MF is present. High sporting results in a more prolonged work of submaximal power get those sportsmen, in whose muscles content of slow MF is within 20-40%. A prolonged work of great and moderate power requires higher content of slow MF-60% and more. The persons, in whose muscles about equal amount of fast and slow MF is revealed, can successfully participate in those sport games and specializations, in which professional activity is connected with the work of alternative power.

[Analysis of the composition of skeletal muscle fibers in skaters' muscles]. / Analiz sostava skeletno-myshechnykh volokon v myshtsakh kon'kobezhtsev.

Muscle fibers composition was investigated in vastus lateralis muscles of 103 skaters. In the total population of skaters muscle fibers composition was as follows: muscle fibers, type I--in 54 +/- 2%, muscle fibers, type II A--in 35 +/- 1% and muscle fibers, type II B--in 11 +/- 1%. 13 +/- 8% muscle fibers, type I; 1.56 +/- 6% muscle fibers, type II A and 31 +/- 7% muscle fibers, type II B were observed in the muscles of sprinters, while the muscles of long-distance skaters contained 60 +/- 4%, 33 +/- 4% and 7 +/- 2% muscle fibers, respectively.

[Features of the ultrastructural organization of the muscles of skaters in relation to their sport specialization and muscle fiber composition]. / Osobennosti ul'trastrukturnoi organizatsii myshts kon'kobezhtsev v zavisimosti ot sportivnoi spetsializatsii sostava myshechnykh volokon.

An electron microscopical and histochemical investigation of bioptates obtained from the external broad femoral muscle of 74 sportsmen-skaters has been performed. Structural adaptation of the muscles to speed loadings and to endurance loadings has been analysed taking into consideration contents of muscle fibers (MF) of various type. Peculiarities in ultrastructural organization of the skeletal MF in the sprinter- and stayer-skaters, who undergo training according to a special program, are described; the character of the muscle changes is also followed in the sportsmen who undergo training according to the program that does not correspond to the contents of their MF. Lesions in the latter up to the necrotic ones are mostly found in the muscles of the stayer-skaters, as well as in the sprinters trained according to the stayer program. Presence of essential destructive alterations of the muscles in the skaters, especially in those whose contents of slow muscles do not correspond to their specialization, demonstrates, evidently, the fact that the given physical loading is not adequate to the functional or potential possibilities of the organism.

[Histotopography of several metabolic processes in the heart]. / O gistotopografii nekotorykh metabolicheskikh protsessov v serdtse.

Localization of basic metabolic processes was investigated by histochemical methods in the heart of untrained, trained, and overtrained rats in relative rest state, and at the stage of single and repeated physical loads in case of urtrained rats. In the untrained rat heart myocardium the glycogenolysis and glycolysis processes were more active in the subendocardial layers, and those of fatty acids and ketone bodies oxidation--in the subepicardial layers. Reverse relationships were discovered in the trained and overtrained rats myocardium. The subpericardial layers role for supporting the heart function in sharp activation of its work was demonstrated.