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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(5): 263-270, 1 mar., 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99543

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las baterías actuales, como la Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N) para la evaluación del deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, son complejas y consumen mucho tiempo. Objetivo. Obtener valores normativos y validar una nueva batería. Sujetos y métodos. Se incluyeron cuatro tests neuropsicológicos (test de memoria episódica, test de símbolos y dígitos, prueba de evocación categorial y adaptación del Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test). Los valores normativos (en general y por grupo de edad) se dedujeron tras administrar la batería de tests a 1.036 sujetos sanos (el percentil 5 se consideró el límite de la normalidad estadística). La validez externa se obtuvo a través de la comparación con la BRB-N. La nueva batería también se administró a una submuestra de controles sanos después de cuatro semanas para evaluar la reproducibilidad. Resultados. Se reclutaron 1.036 sujetos sanos para proporcionar datos normativos. El tiempo promedio para finalizar la batería neuropsicológica breve fue de 18,5 ± 5,2 minutos. Estadísticamente no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones de los 229 sujetos a los que se les administró la nueva batería y la BRB-N, excepto por el tiempo promedio de finalización (19 ± 4 frente a 25 ± 5 minutos). En el estudio de reproducibilidad no hubo diferencias significativas excepto en los tests de memoria. Conclusión. Los resultados en la nueva batería y en la BRB-N guardaban una elevada correlación, aunque la nueva batería se podría preferir en la práctica clínica por su sencillez, la facilidad con la que se administra y porque lleva menos tiempo completarla (AU)


Introduction. The current batteries such as the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N) for evaluating cognitive decline in patients with multiple sclerosis are complex and time-consuming. Aim. To obtain normative values and validate a new battery. Subjects and methods. Four neuropsychological tests were finally included (episodic memory, the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test, a category fluency test, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test). Normative values (overall and by age group) were derived by administering the battery to healthy subjects (5th percentile was the limit of normal). External validity was explored by comparison with the BRB-N. The new battery was also administered to a subsample after 4 weeks to assess reproducibility. Results. To provide normative data, 1036 healthy subjects were recruited. The mean completion time was 18.5 ± 5.2 minutes. For the 229 subjects who were administered the new battery and the BRB-N, no statistically significant differences were found except for mean completion time (19 ± 4 vs 25 ± 5 minutes). In the reproducibility study, there were no significant differences except in the memory tests. Conclusion. The scores on the new battery and the BRB-N were strongly correlated although the shorter completion time and ease of administration could make the new battery preferable in clinical practice (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Reference Values
2.
Rev Neurol ; 50(12): 738-46, 2010 Jun 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20533252

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: With the growth of cognitive science, the study of the cognitive components involved in solving tests to assess intelligence become especially significant. From this perspective, the g factor is conceived as the representative of the operation of high-level cognitive processes that control the computational programmes of the brain. Different names have been used to denominate the cognitive processes that underlie the g factor: control processes, executive functioning, executive control or executive functions. DEVELOPMENT: We review the relationship between intelligence, on the one hand, and working memory and the executive functions construct, on the other. Furthermore, the article also reviews the relationship between intelligence and the prefrontal cortex, as its possible neuroanatomical substrate. CONCLUSIONS: The studies that were surveyed offer different answers to the question of whether intelligence and the executive functions are one and the same thing, the most widely accepted hypothesis being the one that sees intelligence and the executive functions as overlapping in some aspects but not in others.


Subject(s)
Executive Function/physiology , Intelligence/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Humans , Neuropsychological Tests , Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology , Prefrontal Cortex/physiology
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 50(12): 738-746, jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-105379

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Con el auge de la ciencia cognitiva, el estudio de los componentes cognitivos que intervienen en la resolución de las pruebas que valoran la inteligencia adquiere especial relevancia. Desde esta perspectiva, el factor g se concibe como el representante de la operación de procesos cognitivos de alto nivel que controlan los programas computacionales del cerebro. Se han utilizado diferentes nombres para designar a los procesos cognitivos que subyacen al factor g: procesos de control, funcionamiento ejecutivo, control ejecutivo o funciones ejecutivas. Desarrollo. Se revisa la relación de la inteligencia con la memoria de trabajo y con el constructo de las funciones ejecutivas. Asimismo, se revisa la relación entre la inteligencia y el córtex prefrontal como posible sustrato neuroanatómico de ésta. Conclusiones. Los estudios revisados ofrecen diferentes respuestas a la cuestión de si son lo mismo inteligencia y funciones ejecutivas, siendo la hipótesis que goza de mayor aceptación la que considera que inteligencia y funciones ejecutivas se superponen en algunos aspectos, pero en otros no (AU)


Introduction. With the growth of cognitive science, the study of the cognitive components involved in solving tests to assess intelligence become especially significant. From this perspective, the g factor is conceived as the representative of the operation of high-level cognitive processes that control the computational programmes of the brain. Different names have been used to denominate the cognitive processes that underlie the g factor: control processes, executive functioning, executive control or executive functions. Development. We review the relationship between intelligence, on the one hand, and working memory and the executive functions construct, on the other. Furthermore, the article also reviews the relationship between intelligence and the prefrontal cortex, as its possible neuroanatomical substrate. Conclusions. The studies that were surveyed offer different answers to the question of whether intelligence and the executive functions are one and the same thing, the most widely accepted hypothesis being the one that sees intelligence and the executive functions as overlapping in some aspects but not in others (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Intelligence/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Cognition/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex/physiology , Memory/physiology
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